Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Q1. Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.

Ans :-

1. Battery
2. Fuse
3. Stater
4. Current and voltage regulator
5. Generator
6. Ignition coil
7. Ammeter
8. Junction block
9. Destributor
10. Ignition switch
11. Breker
12. Foot selector switch

Q2. Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.

1. Stater

Ans :- The starter motor is connected to the crankshaft by means of a pinion formed by small gears that are coupled to a reduction gear, which in turn incorporates the flywheel of the thermal engine. When we turn the key in our car's ignition (or press the Engine Start/Stop button), the starter motor is activated through the energy supplied by the battery. The electrical current passes to the solenoid, generating a lever effect on the drive pinion of the starter motor that allows it to be coupled to the inertia flywheel of the propeller block. As soon as the flywheel rotates at a higher speed than the pinion, it decouples from the starter motor through a free wheel that disengages it. Finally, when the key returns to its rest position in the cylinder, the contactor does the same and the circuit remains open again

2. Fuse

Ans :- The Electric Fuse works on the basis of the heating effect of the Electric Current. It is composed of a non-flammable thin metallic wire with a low melting point. If a high amount of Electricity is passed from the Electric Fuse, there is a production of heat which causes the Fuse to melt which leads to the opening of the Circuit and the blockage of Current. Once a Fuse melts, it can be changed or replaced with a new Fuse. A Fuse is normally made up of elements like zinc, copper, aluminum and silver. A Fuse acts as a circuit breaker and breaks the circuit in case any fault occurs in the circuit. It acts as a protector of Electric appliances and also as a safety measure for humans. The figure below represents a Fuse operation, Fuse barrel and Fuse link.

3. Generator

Ans :- The alternator, also known as the ‘genhead’, is the part of the generator that produces the electrical output from the mechanical input supplied by the engine. It contains an assembly of stationary and moving parts encased in a housing. The components work together to cause relative movement between the magnetic and electric fields, which in turn generates electricity.

Q3. If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?

Ans :-

Given data

Current =10 A

Voltage =30 (typical car battery voltage is 30 V)

So p = v*i

P = 30*10

P = 300 KW

Fuse rating = (wattage*1,25)/volt

= (300*1.25)/30

Fuse rating = 12.5A

Q4. If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?

Ans :-

Given

P = 500 W

I consider 4 A current due to reduce losses.

A = 4 A

V = ?

C = ?

So, p= v*i

V = 500/4

V = 125 V

So we find capacity of battery

I consider 500 W load(as per given) and 4 A battery for 2 hrs ,

I reduce current because reduce current due to reduce losses.

So battery capacity = T * A

So I consider T = 2hrs

Battery capacity = 2 * 4

Battery capacity (C) = 8 Ah

Q5. Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?

Ans :-

1. Transformer

The transformers are connected in parallel when load on one of the transformers is more than its capacity. The reliability is increased with parallel operation than to have single larger unit. The cost associated with maintaining the spares is less when two transformers are connected in parallel.

2. Generator

Parallel generators provide the maximum output when the power demand peaks and minimum output when the load necessities are low. Hence, parallel generators increase the reliability of power systems and make them more efficient.

Q6. Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?

Ans :-

1. Battery

Batteries correctly placed in series, positive to negative, will add their output voltages, producing a greater voltage.

2. Regulator

The series voltage regulator or series pass voltage regulator uses a variable element placed in series with the load. By changing the resistance of the series element, the voltage dropped across it can be varied to ensure that the voltage across the load remains constant.