Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1)- Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.
Ans. Here are the following maajor component given-
1) Ign. Switch
2). Battery
3). Starter
4). Ign. Coil
5). Breaker
6). Distributor
7). Generator
8). Current & Voltage Regulator
9). Foot Selector Switch
10). Fuse
11). Ammeter
12). Fuel ON/OFF
13). Gas Tank Unit
2)- Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly
Ans.-Here are the following 3 componet - Battery, Starter, Generator ( Alternator)
A) Battery
Purpose & Working
1- The car’s power storage: A car battery is the car’s power bank
2- Energy to Start The Engine: With its power storage, the battery contains enough power to start the engine. The acid and the plate materials (lead and lead dioxide) interact in a specific order to create positive and negative charges as well as byproduct materials.
3- Delivers Electricity to the Ignition System: When you turn on your car’s ignition, whether you do it by turning a key or pushing a button, you send a signal to the battery, telling it to initiate that chemical reaction.
4- Works With The Alternator to Power Electronics: Essentially, the alternator is a generator. The battery is what provides the initial burst of energy to the starter so that it’ll crank the engine. Still, the alternator is what keeps the electronics going and charges the battery.
5- The battery helps regulate voltage: It’s a well-known fact that power surges can damage electronics.Our battery prevents sudden spikes in power from damaging our car’s internal computer and ignition system from damage. Along with various types of fuse elements and circuit protection devices used throughout the vehicle.
B) Starter
Purpose & Working
1- The starter motor is responsible for turning the engine over during ignition and allowing everything else to happen. When you turn the ignition on, the starter motor engages and turns the engine over allowing it to suck in air.
2- Armature: The armature is an electromagnet, mounted on the drive shaft and bearings for support. It is a laminated soft iron core which is wrapped with numerous conductors loops or windings.
3- Commutator: The commutator is a section of the shaft at the rear of the housing on which the brushes run to conduct electricity. The commutator is made up of two plates attached to the axle of the armature. These plates provide the two connections for the coil of the electromagnet.
4- Brushes: The brushes run on a section of the commutator at the rear of the housing, making contact with the contacts of the commutator and conducting electricity.
5- Solenoid: The solenoid contains of two coils of wire that are wrapped around a moveable core. The solenoid acts as a switch to close the electrical connection and connects the starter motor to the vehicle's battery.
6- Plunger: The plunger works by using the connected vehicle battery and the solenoid to push the plunger forward, which engages the pinion.
7- Lever Fork: The lever fork is connected to the plunger so when the plunger is pushed forwards, so is the lever fork. This process then activates the pinion.
8-Pinion: The pinion is a unique combination of a gear and springs. Once the starter is engaged the gear is extended into the gearbox housing and is engaged with the flywheel. This spins the engine to begin the combustion process.
9-Field Coils: The housing holds the starter fields in the housing with screws. This can consist of two to four field coils connected in series. Energised by the battery this converts the coils into an electromagnet which then turns the armature. When the armature coils are powered a magnetic field is created around the armature.
C) Alternator
Purpose
While the battery is essential for starting your car when it's off, the alternator keeps your car alive when the engine is running. The alternator powers most car's electronic components while you're driving around or idling, including your headlights, electric steering, power windows, windshield wipers, heated seats, dashboard instruments, and radio. The alternator supplies all of them with direct current (DC) power. Alternator is also responsible for charging our car battery while driving
Working
The alternator works by turning mechanical energy into electrical energy. When your engine is on, it powers a drive belt that rests on a pulley attached to the alternator. The pulley turns the alternator's rotor shaft, which spins a set of magnets around a coil. These spinning magnets generate alternating current (AC) around the coil, which is then channeled to the alternator's rectifier. The rectifier converts that AC power into DC power, which activates car's electrical systems
3)- If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
Fuse- it is a device which prevents excessive current flow through its respective Circuit
Hence, According to the question Fuse required is (P=V*I)
Power = 12*10 = 120 Watt
Fuse Rating is 25% More than actual Power Rating
Power for Fuse Rating = 120 * 1.25 = 150 Watt
I = P/V = 150/12 = 12.5 A//
Fuse Rating for 10A load should Be 12.5 A.
4)- If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
Ans.- P=V*I
Given P=500w
V=12v (Say as Hint Given
Time (T) = 1 hour
Power = Voltage * Current
[For Recommended Voltage is 12 V]
500 = 12 * Current
Current = 500/12 = 41.67 A
Capacity = Current * Time
Capacity = 41.67 * 1 Hr = 41.67 Ah
Thus, Recommended Capacity is 41.67 Ah.
5)- Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
Ans.- the Beam Light. is connected in Parallel
Current and Voltage Regulator
Generator
Reason-
As per the above image Generator with current voltage and regulator are connected in parallel, if two are more components are connected in parallel they have the same differential of potential voltage across their ends.
6)-Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
Ans)- Battery & Starter is connected in series because Battery Connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency while Starter connected in series With Battery because same current Flows through them