Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1)Major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram are listed below.
- Battery
- Starter
- Generator
- Distributor
- Ignition coil
- Current and voltage regulator
- Ammeter
- Foot selector switch
- Light switch
- Fuse
- Juction block
2)Purpose and working of components used in automotive wiring diagram explained below.
Battery:
Purpose of a battery in an automotive system is to stores energy in the form of chemical potential, And it supplies the stored energy to other components when they are in needed to operate or actuate in the form of electrical potential.
In an automotive system battery is a power bank, Components such as horn, Lamps, Starter etc...consume the energy stored in a battery to execute their functions.
Battery used in automotive system is a secondary battery, Which means the battery can be charged/Discharged multiple times according to our requirements.
Secondary batteries for example,
- Nickel-Cadmium
- Lead-acid
- Lithium-ion
Working:
Battery is a device which converts the chemical energy into the electrical energy when load is connected to its positive and negetive terminals.
Positive terminal is called as cathode and negetive terminal is called as anode.
In a battery flow of electrons from negetive to positive voltage source, So Anode will loose the electrons and cathode will gain the elecrtons in an electrolyte solution. Electrolyte solution is a medium which facilitates the transfer of ions between anode and cathode terminals.
Chemical reactions takesplace inside a battery involes flow of electrons from anode to cathode electrodes, When it is connected to an external circuit.
Fuse:
Purpose:
fuse is used to protect the electric circuit from over flow of current.
Fuse is a device which acts as a circuit breaker, When flow of current in a circuit is beyond the rated current.
Fuse will safeguard the electric circuit from dangerous hazards by making closed circuit into a open circuit.
Their is no flow current in a open circuit.
Fuse examples are cartridge, Rewirable type tc..
Working:
Heating effect is one of the effects of electricity.
Heat will be generated When flow of current in a circuit.
Different materials have different thermal resistance, So fuse material is made up of least thermal resistance compare to circuit conductors material.
When circuit is connected to power source flow of current is their in a circuit, Due to some unexpected events happen in the system their will be a chance of flowing high current in a circuit.
High current will damages the circuit even load, Flow of high current leads to high heat generation in a circuit, Fuse will get melts at one point and disconnect the circuit.
Ammeter:
Purpose of ammeter in a electrical syatem is to measure the flow of current in a circuit.
Ammeter shows the value of flow of current in a circuit, When it is connected to a circuit with the load for example motor.
Working:
Typically ammeter is connected series with the load.
In a series connection combination flow of current is same across the circuit.
For example:
18 kW with 20 Amps current rating motor is doing work, Ammeter is connected series to motor.
Assume motor is running at full load, Ammeter will shows 20 Amps.
20 Amps of current is flowing in that circuit.
3)If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
Normal fuse sizing is about 135% of full load current.
Here fullm load is 10 Amps.
Fuse rating=10*1.35
=13.5 Amps
So we can select the available fuse of 15 Amps for 10 A given full load application.
4)If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
Given data:
Load-500 Watts
Assume time is 1 hour
Assume voltage of a battery is 12 Volts.
Capacity of the battery=Power*time
=500*1
Capacity of the battery=500 Watts-hour
Battery capacity in Amps-hours = Battery capacity in Watts-hours/Battery voltage
=500/12
Battery capacity in Amps-hours =41.66 Amps-hour
5)Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
In the above diagram:
Generator
Current and voltage regulator
These two elements are conneced in parallel.
In parallel connection same voltage across the two components connection ends.
By using parallel connection, We got to know the voltage in different components. So we can regulate the voltage across the components.
6)Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
In the above diagram:
Battery
Stater
Ammeter
These elements are conneced in series.
In series connection same current will flow across all the components.
By using series connection, We got to know the flow of current in different components when they are doing their fuinction.