Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.Major elements he above diagram, i would list all these.

• Generator
• battery
• Starter
• Breaker
• Ignition Coil
• Distributor
• Current & Voltage Regulator
• Foot Selector Switch
• Ammeter
• Fuse

and rest of all are the accessories for different purposes such as lights. horns, gas tank unit etc.

2.

GENERATOR

Generator is one which is capable of converting mechanical energy into Electrical energy.and we have a wide variety of Power generator which is converting by the same principle but by different means or applications.

The working of a generator is said to be which are basically coils of electric conductors, normally copper wire, that is tightly wound onto a metal core and is mounted to turn around inside an exhibit of large magnets. An electric conductor moves through a magnetic field, the magnetism will interface with the electrons in the conductor to induce a flow of electrical current inside it.The conductor coil and its core are called the armature, connecting the armature to the shaft of a mechanical power source, for example, a motor, the copper conductor can turn at exceptionally increased speed over the magnetic field.

The point when the generator armature first starts to turn, then there is a weak magnetic field in the iron pole shoes. As the armature turns, it starts to raise the voltage. Some of this voltage is making on the field windings through the generator regulator. This impressive voltage builds up a stronger winding current, raises the strength of the magnetic field.someway we can say that EMF. thus expanded field produces more voltage in the armature. This, in turn, makes more current in the field windings, with a resultant higher armature voltage. At this time the signs of the shoes depended on the direction of flow of current in the field winding. The opposite signs will give the current to flow in the wrong direction.

BATTERY

Battery is the one which store the Chemical energy and thus which will convert into electrical energy.chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one electrode to another, through an external circuit( this is done by the help of some electrolyte). The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.The chemical reactions in the battery causes a build up of electrons at the anode. This results in an electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. You can think of this difference as an unstable build-up of the electrons. The electrons wants to rearrange themselves to get rid of this abnormality. But they do this in a certain way. Electrons repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons.

In a battery, the only place to go is to the cathode. But, the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able to get to the cathode. In the picture above, the electrons go through the wire, lighting the light bulb along the way. This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit.Without a potential difference The charge will not flow and thus Voltage will not occur.

IGNITION COIL

The air-fuel mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber by an ignition spark. In order for the spark plug to produce the spark, an ignition voltage of approx. 30,000 Volt is required. This voltage is generated by the ignition coil from the 12 Volt voltage of the vehicle electrical system and transferred to the spark plug at the moment of ignition.

The ignition coil acts like a transformer. By means of two coils, one inside the other, the ignition coil transforms the electrical energy from the vehicle battery into high voltage, saves it briefly and then emits it as a high voltage current pulse to the spark plug.

3.

in here we are given

Load = 10 A(I)

so,

Power = Voltage * Current

[For Car Battery Voltage is 12 V ]

Power =V*I= 12*10 = 120 W

Fuse Rating is 25% More than actual Power Rating

so 120W 25% is 30

Power for Fuse Rating = 120 +30 = 150 Watt

I = P/V = 150/12 = 12.5 A//

Fuse Rating for 10A load should Be 12.5 A.

4.

in here we are given

500W as the load

Power = Voltage * Current

[For Car Battery Voltage is 12 V]

500 = 12 * Current

Curren(I) = 500/12 = 41.67 A

Capacity = Current * Time

Capacity = 41.67 * 1 Hr = 41.67 Ah

5.

Elements which are connected in parallel.

(a)Generator

(b)Current and Voltage regulator

in the figure itself we can understood these two components are connected in paralllel.beacuse they need to have the same potential difference or we can say same voltage across them.

Elements which are connected in series are

(a)battery

(b)Starter motor

which need to have the same current flows from battery to starter.