Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1. Identify each of the major elements in the above automative wiring diagram?
Some of the major elements in the above automative wiring diagram are:
1. Starter
2. Battery
3. Distributor
4. Ammeter
5. Generator
6. Junction Box
7. Breaker
8. Fuse
9 Foot selector switch
2. Explain the purpose and working of any three elements?
The Three elements of the above wiring diagram are
1. Battery
2. Generator
3. Fuse
A. Battery:
Purpose:
Batteries are small essential components to operate many devices, In other words, battery is the heart of the circuit unit which is used to stores the energy to perfom. It is one of the key components in our day to day life.
There are two types of battery.
1. Rechargable battery
2. Non- Rechargable Battery
The Rechargable batteries were used in each and every sector. Some of the applicants of the batteries are as given below:
* Automotive
* House
* Health Instruments
* Medical
* Logistics and Construction
* Firefighting and Emergency
* Military
Electric Vehicle Batteries are commonly used in the Vehicles. This batteries is used to power the electric motor of electric vehicles. This batteries are usually rechargable. Lithium-ions batteries are mostly using the electric vehicles batteries.
Working:
A battery is a device that stores the chemical energy and convert to electric energy.
The Chemical reactions in the battery involves the flow of electrons from one material to another, through an external circuit.
The flow of electrons provides a electric circuit that can be used to do work.
To balance the flow of electron, charged ions are also flow through the electrolyte solution that will contact with both the electrodes.
Different electrodes and electrolyte produce the different chemical reactions that affects how the battery works, how much energy it can store and its voltage.
B. Generators:
Generators are which is used to convert the mechanical energy to the electrical energy for the transmissions, distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. It also provide a electric power for the following items given below:
* Automobiles
* Aircrafts
* Ships
* Trains
Workings:
Initially, generators won't create electricity, the convert from mechanical energy to electrical energy, by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electrical energy by forcing electrons from the external source through an electrical circuit. It is essential an electric motor working in reverse.
Some electrical generators, such as those at Hoover Dam, for example, are huge and provide a enormous amount of energy transferring the power created by water turning turbines into electricity.
Residential and commercial generations however are much smaller and rely on more traditional fuel sources like diesel, gas and propane to create mechanical power that can be forced into circuit and induced electrical current.
C. Fuse:
Purpose:
The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliances casue too much current to flow. This protects the wiring and the appliances if something goes wrong The fuse contains a piece of wire that melt easily. If the current going through the fuse is too great the wire heats up, until it heats and breaks the circuit.
It acts as a barrier between the electric circuit and the human body.
It prevents device failures due to the fault circuit operation.
The fuse prevents short circuits
Prevent overloaded and blackouts
Prevent damaged that is caused due to mismatched loads
The marking on the fuse carry information such as ampere rating, voltage rating, and interpurring rating.
Working:
The fse works on the principle of the heating effect of the current It is made up thin strip or stand of metallic wire with non combustable wire. It is connected between the two ends of the terminal. Fuse always connected with series in electrical circuit.
When the excessive current of heat is generated due to the heavy current flow in the circuit, the fuse melts down due to the low melting point of the element and opens the circuit.
The excessive flow may lead to the breakdown of wire and stops the flow of current. The fuse can be replaced or changed with the new one with suitable ratings. This fuse can be made upof elements like copper, zinc, aluminium & silver.
They also acts as a circuit breaker to break the circuit. When the sudden falls occurs in the circuit, this is not only a protector but also used as a safety measures to prevents human from hazards. This is how fuse operates.
3. If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
For the 10A load battery, we can use 13A fuse. Probably it depends upon the types of load
The fuse should be choosen with the Ampere x 135% of fuse to select the next higher standard size.
4. If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
Given:
Load = 500W
Time = 24 hours
Voltage = 12V
To find:
Capacity and voltage
Solution:
Capacity = load*time
= 500*24
= 12000 Wh
Amp-hours = Watt-hours / Volts
= 12000 / 12
= 1000AH
5. Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other? Why they are connected in parallel?
As per the above image, generator with current voltage with regulator are connected in parallel.
If two are more components are connected in parallel they have the same differential of potential voltage accross their ends.
6. Identify any two elements which are connected In series? Why they are connected in series?
As per the above image, battery and starter are connected in series, because same current flows through them.