Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.

ANS:

a) Genarator

b) Battery

c) Starter

d) Ignition coil

e) Ammeter

f) Foot selector switch

g) Breaker

i) Fuse

j) Current and voltage regulator

2.Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.

ANS:

Genarator: An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an external source into electrical energy. It uses the mechanical energy supplied to it to force the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its windings through an external electric circuit.

Fuse:It is a safety device. The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current to flow. This protects the wiring and the appliance if something goes wrong. The fuse contains a piece of wire that melts easily.

Breaker:A circuit breaker is an electrical safety device designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by an overcurrent or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow to protect equipment and to prevent the risk of fire.

3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?

ANS:

Given data;

Total load(I)=10A

fuse rating=?

Voltage(V)=30V [since the typical Car battery voltage is 30V ]

we know that;

P=V*I

P=30*10

P=300KW

fuse rating=I=(P*1.5)/V

I=(300*1.5)/30

I=15A

The fuse rating is more than the maximum load of the appliance to avoid the short circuits or damage of appliance due to over flow of load. we must maintain the fuse rating 25% greater than the total load. so that the fuse rating is to be 15A.

4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?

ANS:

Given data;

I=10A (from the previous question)

P=500W

V=?

C=?

we know that,

From the power formula,

P=V*I

V=P/I

V=500/10

V=50V

capacity (C)= I*T

=10*1

C= 10Ah

5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?

ANS:

Horn: parallel switching of high and low tones is used and the main sound frequencies of these signals are harmoniously combined.

All lights:Each light in a parallel circuit has its own circuit. The individual currents add up to the total current. The voltage for each light is the same. As opposed to a series circuit, if one light malfunctions in a parallel circuit, the other lights still light up

6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?

ANS:

Battery:connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency

Ammeter:An ammeter is a device which measures the amount of current flowing in a circuit. It is a very low resistance(nearly zero) device. If it will be connected in parallel, it would draw most of the current and would get damaged.