Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
- Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram
The major elements which are displayed in the circuit diagram is
- Battery
- Starter
- Breaker
- Ignition coil
- Generator, Distributor
- Ammeter
- Fuse
- Current and voltage regulator
2.Explain the working and purpose of any three elements
- Generator :
Purpose - An generator is a type of electric generator used in modern automobiles to charge the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running.
Working - The process of producing electricity begins with the engine. For most modern vehicles, alternators are driven by the engine’s crankshaft via a serpentine belt. The belt’s movement — the mechanical energy — spins the alternator’s rotor at a high speed within the stator. Electricity is made as the rotor spins. The magnets surrounding the rotor are deliberately placed so that as they pass over the copper wiring in the stator, a magnetic field is created. This magnetic field, in turn, produces voltage that is captured by the stator. This power then reaches the voltage regulator, which disperses electricity to the vehicle and manages the amount of voltage the battery receive
- STARTER:
The starter motor is responsible for turning the engine over during ignition and allowing everything else to happen. When you turn the ignition on, the starter motor engages and turns the engine over allowing it to suck in air. .. As the engine turns over, the starter motor disengages, and the electromagnet stops.
- Ignition coil-
The air fuel mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber by an ignition spark. In order for the spark plug to produce the spark, an ignition voltage of approx 30,000 volts is required. This voltage is generated by the ignition coil from the 12 volt battery and is transferred to the spark plug at the time of ignition with the help of the distributor. The ignition coil acts like a transformer. By means of two coils, one inside the other, the ignition coil transforms the electrical energy from the vehicle's battery into high voltage, saves it briefly and then emits it as a high voltage current pulse to the spark plug.
3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
Normally the fuse rating is chosen somewhere between 1.5 times of the rated current
So 1.5*10A gives 15A of fuse rating
4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend
P = V*I
500 = V*10
V = 500/10
V = 50V
To find capacity a battery,
Let us consider the time = 1 hrs
w.k.t, capacity of a battery , c= I*T
= 10*1
C = 10 Ah
5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
The parallel circuits are used mostly because, the operation of one circuit does not affect the operation of any other parallel circuit. Also, any circuit in parallel may be switched on or off without impacting the operation of any other circuit, and fault in any circuit need not. Series circuit is not used here because, one burnt out lamp filament or break in a wire would open the circuit and no lights and in that circuit would function. The elements which are connected in parallel are
Spark plugs - These are connected parallelly because it requires more voltage, and it is accumulated and released once to the spark plug. These are connected in series due to rise in breakdown voltage.
Beam lights - Headlights of the car are connected in parallel. In parallel connection, each headlight is exposed to the full potential difference supplied by the car's electrical system, giving the maximum brightness.
Horn - To achieve maximum tunes, we require maximum voltages which can be obtained in the parallel circuit.
6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
The elements which are connected in series are
Ammeter - It is used to measure the current in the circuit. So it is connected in series so that the same current that is there in the circuit flows through it and gets measured.
Fuse - Fuse are always connected in series with the components to be protected from over current so that when the fuse blows it will open the entire circuit and stop current through the components.