Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

Create a 3 dimensional model of the residential building with a rendered view.

AIM:

To create the 3D rendered model for a Residential building in AutoCad

INTRODUCTION:

3D CAD, or three-dimensional computer-aided design, is a technology for design and technical documentation, which replaces manual drafting with an automated process. Used by architects, engineers, and other professionals, 3D CAD software precisely represents and visualizes objects using a collection of points in three dimensions on the computer.

The process of creating a mathematical representation of any surface of an object in three dimensions by using special software is called 3D modeling. A 3D model can even be represented as a two-dimensional image by using the 3D rendering process. The user can also create 3D models physically using 3D printers. There is a lot of software that is used to create 3D models like AutoCAD,

Most used 3D Commands:

Revolve:

Location: Draw > Modeling > Revolve

This AutoCAD 3D command creates a 3D solid by revolving a 2D object around an axis

Extrude:

Location: Draw > Modeling > Extrude

This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.

Sweep:

Location: Draw > Modeling > Sweep

This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.

Union:

Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Union

This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.

Subtract:

Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract

This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts object A from object B.

Intersect:

Location: Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect

With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both objects.

Some of the benefits of 3D modeling are:

1. Using 3D models, users can get a more evocative design, and they can even see the virtual images of their projects.

2. An architectural 3D model is much more interesting and realistic than a 2D model.

3. The experience that a 3D model gives is much more compelling and satisfying to the user than viewing a 2D drawing. The user can see the impact of all the minor and major changes made in a 3D model. This also aids in the better finishing of the designs without wasting time and money.

4. 3D models are an amazing advantage to interior designers as they get to create and then modify 3D interior as well as exterior as per their need and choice.

5. In a 3D design, the user gets to know the physical dimensions of the objects and their distance from other objects in the total layout. This feature helps enormously to see and modify arrangements of objects based on their sizes.

6. Some artists use a mixture of 3D modeling for best results by editing the 2D computer-rendered images from the 3D model.

In this Project, we are going to design the g+1 3D rendered model for a residential building using various 3d tools and commands

The dimensions:

- Plot Area = 32'×45'

- External Wall = 230

- Internal Wall = 150

- Window 1 = 1800 × 1200

- Window 2 = 900 × 1200

- Ventilator = 600 × 600

- Doors = 900×2000

- For Staircase,

Rise = 150mm ; Treads = 250mm

No. of Flights = 20

Note : All dimensions are in mm

COMMANDS USED:

1. Units

2. Limits

3. Rectangle

4. Line

5. Trim

6. Offset

7. Copy

8. Move

9. Boundary

10. Region

11. Extrude

12. Union

13. Polyline

14. Prespull

15. Circle

16. Material Browser (MAT)

PROCEDURE:

Step 1:

1. Open the Autocad software from the desktop

2. On the home page of the Autocad, Click on New drawing

3. Type QNew in the command box and enter, Select the default setting as Metric

3. Switch the model space into 3D modeling from the status bar

Step 2:

1. Type UN and set the units as Decimal and precision as 0.00

2. Set the units as Millimetres in the insertion scale

3. Type Limits in the command box and set the Lower limit as 0,0 and the Upper limit as 20000,20000

4. Type Z enter for Zoom Enter and A Enter for Zoom all

Step 3:

1. Go to the Top view using the UCS icon at the top right corner

2. First we have to draw the floor plans of the G+1 residential building

3. Select the Rectangle tool by typing REC or Rectangle in the command box

4. Draw an outer boundary of the plot area with the dimension of 32'×45' (i.e., 9753×13716mm approx)

5. Then draw the Exterior wall with a thickness of 230mm

6. For Interior walls, consider the thickness as 150mm

7. Draw the ground floor plan of the building using Line, Offset, Trim, and other tools

8. Provide the windows in the ground floor plan with the width of 1800mm and 900mm respectively

9. Similarly, Provide the doors in the ground floor plan with a width of 900mm

10. Draw a Staircase with the width of rise as 150mm and tread as 250mm

11. Provide the number of flights as 20, to create the staircase model in the floor plan.

12. Complete the ground floor plan of the residential building using various other tools

Step 4:

1. Similarly, we have to sketch the first-floor plan with the ground-floor specifications

2. Separate the Rooms according to the requirement

3. Leave the space for the Sit-out area in the first-floor plan

4. Provide necessary Windows, Doors, and Ventilators at the desired location

5. Complete the First-floor plan as per the specifications and requirements.

Step 5:

1. Now we have to give the boundaries to the walls of the ground floor plan to create the regions inside it

2. Select the Boundary tool by typing BO or Boundary in the command box

3. Select the walls that we want to create the region excluding windows and doors. Then press Enter

4. The region has been created successfully in the walls

Step 6:

1. After creating the region, now we have to Extrude the walls

2. Select the Extrude tool by typing EXT or Extrude in the command box

3. Select all the walls that we created the regions earlier

4. Then Extrude the walls with a height of 3000mm (i.e., Floor Height = 3m)

Step 7:

1. Now we have to Extrude the windows and doors

2. Select the Rectangle tool by typing REC or Rectangle in the command box

3. Draw rectangles at each window portion to Extrude

4. Select the Extrude tool and extrude all the rectangles to a height of 900mm (Sill height = 0.9m)

5. Select the Copy tool and Copy the Extruded rectangular portion to the top surface connecting the walls

6. Similarly do the same process for the doors

7. Select the Union tool by typing Union in the command box

8. Select the extruded walls, windows, and doors.

9. Then press enter to form a union of the ground floor plan

Step 8:

1. Now we have to give the boundaries to the walls of the first-floor plan to create the regions inside it

2. Select the Boundary tool by typing BO or Boundary in the command box

3. Select the walls that we want to create the region excluding windows and doors. Then press Enter

4. The region has been created successfully in the walls

Step 9:

1. After creating the region, now we have to Extrude the walls

2. Select the Extrude tool by typing EXT or Extrude in the command box

3. Select all the walls that we created the regions earlier

4. Then Extrude the walls with a height of 3000mm (i.e., Floor Height = 3m)

Step 10:

1. Now we have to Extrude the windows and doors

2. Select the Rectangle tool by typing REC or Rectangle in the command box

3. Draw rectangles at each window portion to Extrude

4. Select the Extrude tool and extrude all the rectangles to a height of 900mm (Sill height = 0.9m)

5. Select the Copy tool and Copy the Extruded rectangular portion to the top surface connecting the walls

6. Similarly do the same process for the doors

7. Select the Union tool by typing Union in the command box

8. Select the extruded walls, windows, and doors.

9. Then press enter to form a union of the first-floor plan

Step 11:

1. Now we have to create the roofing for the ground floor

2. Go to the Top view using the UCS icon at the top right corner

3. Select the Polyline tool by typing PL or Polyline in the command box

3. Sketch the boundaries of the exterior wall to create the roof

4. After sketching the outer portion of the ground floor, copy the Polyline and movie it to another location

5. Select the Extrude tool and Extrude the Polyline with a height of 600mm (i.e., slab thickness= 0.6m)

6. After extruding the Polyline, move it to the ground floor plan at the desired location

Step 12:

1. Similarly, do the same process for the first-floor plan roof

2. Select the Polyline tool by typing PL or Polyline in the command box

3. Sketch the boundaries of the exterior wall to create the roof

4. After sketching the outer portion of the ground floor, copy the Polyline and movie it to another location

5. Select the Extrude tool and Extrude the Polyline with a height of 600mm (i.e., slab thickness= 0.6m)

6. After extruding the Polyline, move it to the ground floor plan at the desired location

Step 13:

1. Now we have to sketch the staircase for the residential building

2. Go to the Top view using the UCS icon at the top right corner

3. Select the Polyline tool by typing PL or Polyline in the command box

4. Draw a line vertically to create the rise of the height of 150mm and the tread of the length of 250mm

5. Select the Copy tool and copy the rise and tread lines to form a section

6. Similarly create the landing with a width of 900mm

7. Select the Prespull Tool and prespull the section with a width of 350mm

8. Select the section and copy it to another floor to create the L-Shaped Staircase

Step 14:

1. Select the Move tool by typing M or Move in the command

2. Select the Staircase section and move it to each floor at the desired location

3. Now we have to merge the ground floor and first floor

4. Select the Copy tool by typing CO or Copy in the command box

5. Select the sketch of the first-floor plan and pick a point at the desired location

6. Then Move it through the top roof section of the ground floor plan at the desired location.

Step 15:

1. Now we have to sketch the Headroom on the first floor

2. Select the Rectangle tool by typing REC or Rectangle in the command box

3. Sketch the headroom portion on the first-floor plan

4. Select the Sketched rectangle and Extrude it to a height of 2500mm (i.e. height of headroom = 2.5m)

5. Then sketch the roof on top of the headroom

6. Now, we have to create the columns to support the warrandah on the first floor

7. Select the columns on the ground floor and extrude them to a height of 2500mm

8. Then create the flooring surface on the first-floor plan as shown in the figure below

Step 16:

1. Now, we have to create the entrance stairs and parapet walls on the roof

2. Go to the plan and select the entrance staircases

3. Select the Prespull Tool and prespull the steps with a height of 150mm, 300mm, and 450mm respectively

4. Select the Union tool by typing Union in the command box

5. Select the steps that we prespulled earlier and union them to form a single entity

6. Now we have to create the parapet walls on the top of the floor

7. Select the Rectangle tool and draw a parapet wall on the top of the floor

8. Select the Offset tool and give the offset distance as 150mm for parapet wall thickness

9. Select the Extrude tool and extrude the parapet wall to a height of 900mm

10. Similarly, create the parapet walls on top of the roof on the first floor

Step 17:

1. Now we have to create the Windows with the help of the rectangle tool

2. Go to the Top view using the UCS icon at the top right corner

3. Select the Rectangle tool and draw a rectangle with a length of 1800 and a width of 1200mm

4. Select the Offset tool and give the offset distance as 50mm

5. Offset the rectangle through the inside as shown in the figure below

6. Now draw a line at the center of the interior rectangle

7. Now Offset the interior rectangle again with the offset distance of 30mm

8. Select the interior rectangle in the left portion and copy it into the right portion

Step 18:

1. Select the Prespull Tool by typing PR or Prespull in the command box

2. Select the Exterior Rectangle portion and prespull it with a depth of 50mm

3. Now, select the Interior rectangle and Prespull it with a depth of 30mm

4. Again select the glass portion of the window and prespull it with a depth of 10mm

5. The Window has been created with the panel, mullion, and glass section.

Step 19:

1. Now we have to create the doors with the help of the rectangle tool

2. Go to the Top view using the UCS icon at the top right corner

3. Select the Rectangle tool and draw a rectangle with a length of 900 and a width of 2000mm

4. Select the Offset tool and give the offset distance as 100mm

5. Offset the rectangle through the inside as shown in the figure below

Step 20:

1. Select the Prespull Tool by typing PR or Prespull in the command box

2. Select the Exterior Rectangle portion and prespull it with a depth of 50mm

3. Now, select the Interior rectangle and Prespull it with a depth of 30mm

4. The Door and the frame have been created successfully

Step 21:

1. After Creating the doors and windows, now we have to place them in the desired locations

2. Select the Copy tool by typing CO or Copy in the command box

3. Select the window and pick a point at the mid point of the below panel

4. Now, move the copied window to the desired location as shown in the figure below

5. Similarly, Select the door and pick a point at the mid-point of the below panel

4. Now, move the copied door and panel to the desired location as shown in the figure below

Step 22:

1. After sketching the residential building unit, now we have to apply the material

2. Open Material Browser by typing MAT in the command box

3. In the Left corner, Expand the Autodesk library option

4. Select the material that we want to apply to the sketch

Step 23:

1. Select the Wall Paint option and assign the required paint to the Walls

2. For windows, Select the Glass material from the glass section and assign it to the Windows

3. Select the Wood material from the wood section and assign it to the Doors

4. Select the Stone Masonry from the Stone section and assign it to the Plinth beam

5. Similarly, assign the materials to the whole residential unit as per the requirement

Step 24:

1. After assigning the materials to the building, now we have to create the topographic ground surface

2. Select the Box tool from the ribbon tab or by typing Box in the command box

3. Create the box section with the dimensions and thickness as per the requirement

4. Go to the Material Browser again and assign the Grass material to the ground surface

Step 25:

1. Now we have to set the Camera for the rendering process

2. Select the Circle tool by typing C or Circle in the command box

3. Extrude the circle with an extrude height of 3000

4. Now go to visualise tab and select the camera tool from the render option

5. Place the Camera on the Extruded circle to fix the position of the camera

6. Adjust the target and focus on the residential building, then delete the extruded circle

Step 26:

1. Now we have to render the camera view with the advanced exposed conditions

2. Select the Render drop-down tab from the visualise tab

3. Set the Render environment and exposure according to the requirement

4. Select the Sky On and Full Clouds option from the visualise tab

5. Adjust the rendering settings manually according to the requirement

Step 27:

1. After adjusting the rendering settings and exposure, go to the visualise tab

2. Select the Render option from the visualise tab and click ok to render

3. After clicking the render option, a rendering dialog box will open showing the status and preview of the rendering

4. The 3D model of the Residential building has been rendered with various rendering views

RESULT:

The Three dimensional model of the residential building has been created and rendered successfully using various tools in the Autocad software