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Challenge

Project 2 Adaptive Cruise Control

HHrishikesh Kale27 May 2022
MATLABMBD

AIM: 

  1. Developing Adaptive Cruise Control feature as per the Requirement Document using MATLAB Simulink.
  2. Follow all the MBD related processes: Requirement Tagging & Traceability, SLDD creation, Configuration Parameter changes, Model Advisor check & Code Generation.
  3. In Configuration Parameters: enable “Support Floating Numbers” under Code Generation settings.
  4. Use Embedded Coder to generate the code.

General Overview:

Adaptive Cruise Control Feature for passenger cars allows the host vehicle to adapt to the speed in line with the flow of traffic. Driving in heavy traffic or keeping a safe distance to the preceding vehicle calls for a high level of concentration. The Adaptive Cruise Control feature can reduce the stress on the driver by automatically controlling the vehicle speed & maintaining a predefined minimum distance to the preceding vehicle. As a consequence, the driver enjoys more comfort & can concentrate on the road little better.

A radar sensor is usually at the core of the Adaptive Cruise Control. Installed at the front of the vehicle, the system permanently monitors the road ahead. As long as the road ahead is clear, cruise control feature maintains the speed set by the driver. If the system spots a slower vehicle within its detection range, it gently reduces speed by releasing the accelerator or actively engaging the brake control system. If the vehicle ahead speeds up or changes lanes, the cruise control automatically accelerates to the driver’s desired speed.

Standard Adaptive Cruise Control can be activated from speeds of around 30 km/h (20 mph) upwards and supports the driver, primarily on cross-country journeys or on freeways. The cruise control stop & go variant is also active at speeds below 30 km/h (20 mph). It can maintain the set distance to the preceding vehicle even at very low speeds and can decelerate to a complete standstill. When the vehicle remains stopped longer, the driver needs only to reactivate the system, for example by briefly stepping on the gas pedal to return to cruise control mode. In this way, cruise control stop & go supports the driver even in heavy traffic and traffic jams.

Since Adaptive Cruise Control is a comfort and convenience system, brake interventions and vehicle acceleration only take place within defined limits. Even with Adaptive Cruise Control switched on, it remains the driver’s responsibility to monitor the speed and distance from the vehicle in front

REQUIRENMENTS:

Requirement 1– Lead Vehicle:

  • Lead Vehicle is a vehicle which is driving in the road ahead of our drive vehicle. Two input signals (Signal Name: CameraInput_LeadVehicle & RadarInput_LeadVehicle).
  • Ideally sensor fusion techniques will be deployed to process & analyze data from camera & radar. For complexity reasons, let’s not adapt to any such algorithms.
  • We can simply add both the radar & camera inputs & the corresponding output is read as Speed profile output (Signal Name: LeadVehicle_Speed).
  • Speed data of the lead vehicle is critical in implementing the Adaptive Cruise Control algorithm.

Requirement 2 – Drive Vehicle:

  • Drive Vehicle is the vehicle driven by the user & this is the vehicle which has ACC algorithm in it.
  • Like the Lead Vehicle, Drive Vehicle algorithm also has 2 input signals (Signal Name: CameraInput_DriveVehicle, RadarInput_DriveVehicle) & one signal coming as an Input to this subsystem (Signal Name: Acceleration_Mode) – three inputs into this requirement in total.
  • Like the above requirement, sensor fusion techniques will also be deployed here, for complexity reasons we are ignoring them.
  • Two output signals come from this subsystem (Signal Name: DriveVehicle_Speed & LeadVehicle_Detected).
  • Signal DriveVehicle_Speed is summation of three input signals mentioned above & LeadVehicle_Detected is renamed from Input Signal RadarInput_DriveVehicle by mere use of Signal Conversion block.

Requirement 3 – Adaptive Cruise Control Algorithm:

  • Adaptive Cruise Control feature has 3 major modes of operation: OFF Mode, STANDBY Mode & ON Mode. This particular requirement has to be implemented as state machine logic in Simulink.
  • The input signals to this state machine system are (Signal Name: Time_Gap, Set_Speed, Set_Gap, CruiseSwitch, SetSwitch).
  • Also, the output signals (Signal Name: DriveVehicle_Speed & LeadVehicle_Detected) from requirement-2 is fed back as an input signal into this state machine block.
  • Additionally, output signal (Signal Name: LeadVehicle_Speed) from requirement-1 is given as an input signal to this state machine block as well.
  • Output from this subsystem is a signal (Signal Name: Acceleration_Mode) which governs the vehicular speed of the drive vehicle which automatically adjusts its speed & velocity to match the lead vehicle.

Requirement 3a – ACC OFF MODE state logic:

  • This is the default state inside state machine logic. Output signal Acceleration_Mode is at value 0 in this state.
  • This state is governed by input signal CruiseSwitch.
  • If CruiseSwitch is equal to 1, state ACC STANDBY mode will get activated. If CruiseSwitch is equal to 0, state ACC OFF mode will get activated, from either ACC ON mode or ACC STANDBY mode

Requirement 3b – ACC STANDBY MODE state logic:

  • This is the second activated state inside state machine logic. Output signal Acceleration_Mode is at value 1 in this state.
  • This state is governed by both input signals CruiseSwitch & SetSwitch.
  • If CruiseSwitch is equal to 1, state ACC STANDBY mode will get activated. If CruiseSwitch is equal to 0, state ACC OFF mode will get activated, from either ACC ON mode or ACC STANDBY mode
  • If SetSwitch is equal to 1, state ACC ON mode will get activated. If SetSwitch is equal to 0, state ACC STANDBY mode will get activated.

Requirement 3c – ACC ON MODE state logic:

This state will be activated when input signal SetSwitch is equal to 1. There are 6 sub states to this state logic: They are:

  • LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow (Default)
  • LeadVehicle_Not_Detected
  • LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume
  • LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Resume
  • LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed
  • LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed

Requirement 3c (i) – LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow (ACC ON MODE):

  • This is the default sub state inside ACC ON MODE state. Output signal Acceleration_Mode is equal to 2.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow to LeadVehicle_Not_Detected; Input signal condition LeadVehicle_Detected == 0.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow to LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed; Input Signals condition (LeadVehicle_Detected == 1) && (LeadVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) || (Time_Gap < Set_Gap).

 

 

Requirement 3c (ii) – LeadVehicle_Not_Detected (ACC ON MODE):

  • Output signal Acceleration_Mode is equal to 1.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Not_Detected to LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow; Input signals condition [(LeadVehicle_Detected==1) && (DriveVehicle_Speed == Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed >= Set_Speed) && (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)]
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Not_Detected to LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed; Input signals condition [(LeadVehicle_Detected == 1) && (LeadVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) || (Time_Gap < Set_Gap)]

Requirement 3c (iii) – LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume (ACC ON MODE):

  • Output signal Acceleration_Mode is equal to 3.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume to LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow; Input signals condition [(DriveVehicle_Speed == Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed >= Set_Speed) && (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)]
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume to LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Resume; Input signal condition LeadVehicle_Detected==0.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume to LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed; Input Signal condition [(DriveVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed > DriveVehicle_Speed) && (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)]

Requirement 3c (iv) - LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Resume (ACC ON MODE):

  • Output signal Acceleration_Mode is equal to 1.

Requirement 3c (v) - LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed (ACC ON MODE):

  • Output signal Acceleration_Mode is equal to 4.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed to LeadVehicle_Not_Detected; Input signal condition [(LeadVehicle_Detected == 0) && (DriveVehicle_Speed == Set_Speed)]
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed to LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed; Input signals condition [((LeadVehicle_Speed*1.25>=DriveVehicle_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed * 0.75<=DriveVehicle_Speed)) && (DriveVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && ((Time_Gap<=1.25*Set_Gap) && (Time_Gap >=0.75*Set_Gap))]

Requirement 3c (vi) - LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed (ACC ON MODE):

  • Output signal Acceleration_Mode is equal to 5.
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed to LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Resume; Input signal conditions is [(LeadVehicle_Detected == 0) || (DriveVehicle_Speed <= Set_Speed)]
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed to LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume; Input signal conditions [(DriveVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed > DriveVehicle_Speed) || (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)]
  • Condition to transit from LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_Speed to LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed; Input signals conditions [(LeadVehicle_Speed

 STEP 1:

SLDD file :

 1]To create sldd file goto MODELING->Link To Data Dictionary

2]Click on NEW 

3]Go to the Folder where code is saved.

4]creat a new file with name with underscore dd.

5]Click apply and open 

6]As provided copy all the data to sldd file.

in model in chart 

MODEL EXPLORE 

its data have also been set 

 STEP 2:

 Creation of model.

According to Requirenment 1:

According to req 2:

According to req 3:

STEP 3: signal Resolution and requirenment tagging

1] After model is created now we have to resolve signals

2]Resolve the signal where it appears first by:

a] Right click on transition line 

b]Click on PROPERTIES

c]Type the signal name check the given box as shown below

REQUIRENMENT TAGING

(Due to usw WPS office was not able to to do requirenment taging so according to instruction of support engineer only steps are provided) 

1]Open the word file containg the requirenments 

2]Seclect the heading requirenment 1

3]Goto model right click on subsystem created on basis of particular requirenment 

4]Right click ->Requirenments-> Link to word seclection in word 

5]Taging is done.

 

STEP 4] Code Generation

1]For code generation Goto APPS

2]APPS->Embeded coder->BUILD

See the curser in image

 

Generated code


/*
 * File: ACC.c
 *
 * Code generated for Simulink model 'ACC'.
 *
 * Model version                  : 1.5
 * Simulink Coder version         : 9.5 (R2021a) 14-Nov-2020
 * C/C++ source code generated on : Fri May 27 11:34:45 2022
 *
 * Target selection: ert.tlc
 * Embedded hardware selection: Intel->x86-64 (Windows64)
 * Code generation objectives: Unspecified
 * Validation result: Not run
 */

#include "ACC.h"
#include "ACC_private.h"

/* Named constants for Chart: '/Chart' */
#define ACC_IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected ((uint8_T)3U)
#define ACC_IN_NO_ACTIVE_CHILD         ((uint8_T)0U)
#define ACC_IN_ON_mode                 ((uint8_T)1U)
#define ACC_IN_Off_Mode                ((uint8_T)2U)
#define ACC_IN_Standby_Mode            ((uint8_T)3U)
#define IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow ((uint8_T)1U)
#define IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume ((uint8_T)2U)
#define IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Res ((uint8_T)4U)
#define IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_ ((uint8_T)5U)
#define IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_S ((uint8_T)6U)

/* Exported data definition */

/* Definition for custom storage class: ExportToFile */
uint8_T Acceleration_Mode;             /* '/Unit Delay' */

/* Block states (default storage) */
DW_ACC_T ACC_DW;

/* External outputs (root outports fed by signals with default storage) */
ExtY_ACC_T ACC_Y;

/* Real-time model */
static RT_MODEL_ACC_T ACC_M_;
RT_MODEL_ACC_T *const ACC_M = &ACC_M_;
real_T rt_roundd_snf(real_T u)
{
  real_T y;
  if (fabs(u) < 4.503599627370496E+15) {
    if (u >= 0.5) {
      y = floor(u + 0.5);
    } else if (u > -0.5) {
      y = u * 0.0;
    } else {
      y = ceil(u - 0.5);
    }
  } else {
    y = u;
  }

  return y;
}

/* Model step function */
void ACC_step(void)
{
  /* local block i/o variables */
  uint8_T LeadVehicle_Speed;
  uint8_T LeadVehicle_Detected;
  uint8_T DriveVehicle_Speed;
  int32_T tmp;
  int32_T tmp_0;
  uint8_T tmp_1;
  uint8_T tmp_2;

  /* Sum: '/Add' incorporates:
   *  Inport: '/CameraInput_LeadVehicle'
   *  Inport: '/RadarInput_LeadVehicle'
   */
  LeadVehicle_Speed = (uint8_T)((uint32_T)CameraInput_LeadVehicle +
    RadarInput_LeadVehicle);

  /* SignalConversion: '/Signal Conversion' incorporates:
   *  Inport: '/RadarInput_DriveVehicle'
   */
  LeadVehicle_Detected = RadarInput_DriveVehicle;

  /* UnitDelay: '/Unit Delay' */
  Acceleration_Mode = ACC_Y.Outport;

  /* Sum: '/Add' incorporates:
   *  Inport: '/CameraInput_DriveVehicle'
   *  Inport: '/RadarInput_DriveVehicle'
   */
  DriveVehicle_Speed = (uint8_T)((uint32_T)(uint8_T)((uint32_T)
    CameraInput_DriveVehicle + Acceleration_Mode) + RadarInput_DriveVehicle);

  /* Chart: '/Chart' incorporates:
   *  Inport: '/CruiseSwitch'
   *  Inport: '/SetSwitch'
   *  Inport: '/Set_Gap'
   *  Inport: '/Set_Speed'
   *  Inport: '/Time_Gap'
   *  UnitDelay: '/Unit Delay'
   */
  if (ACC_DW.is_active_c3_ACC == 0U) {
    ACC_DW.is_active_c3_ACC = 1U;
    ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC = ACC_IN_Off_Mode;
    ACC_Y.Outport = 0U;
  } else {
    switch (ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC) {
     case ACC_IN_ON_mode:
      if (!CruiseSwitch) {
        ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = ACC_IN_NO_ACTIVE_CHILD;
        ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC = ACC_IN_Off_Mode;
        ACC_Y.Outport = 0U;
      } else if (!SetSwitch) {
        ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = ACC_IN_NO_ACTIVE_CHILD;
        ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC = ACC_IN_Standby_Mode;
        ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
      } else {
        switch (ACC_DW.is_ON_mode) {
         case IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow:
          ACC_Y.Outport = 2U;
          if (LeadVehicle_Detected == 0) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = ACC_IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
          } else if (((LeadVehicle_Detected == 1) && (LeadVehicle_Speed <
                       Set_Speed)) || (Time_Gap < Set_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_S;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 4U;
          }
          break;

         case IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume:
          ACC_Y.Outport = 3U;
          if ((DriveVehicle_Speed == Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed >=
               Set_Speed) && (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 2U;
          } else if (LeadVehicle_Detected == 0) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Res;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
          } else if ((DriveVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed >
                      DriveVehicle_Speed) && (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 5U;
          }
          break;

         case ACC_IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected:
          ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
          if ((LeadVehicle_Detected == 1) && (DriveVehicle_Speed == Set_Speed) &&
              (LeadVehicle_Speed >= Set_Speed) && (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 2U;
          } else if (((LeadVehicle_Detected == 1) && (LeadVehicle_Speed <
                       Set_Speed)) || (Time_Gap < Set_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_S;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 4U;
          }
          break;

         case IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Res:
          ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
          break;

         case IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_:
          ACC_Y.Outport = 5U;
          if ((LeadVehicle_Detected == 0) || (DriveVehicle_Speed <= Set_Speed))
          {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected_Res;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
          } else if (((DriveVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed >
                       DriveVehicle_Speed)) || (Time_Gap >= Set_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Resume;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 3U;
          } else if (((LeadVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && (LeadVehicle_Speed <
                       DriveVehicle_Speed)) || ((int32_T)rt_roundd_snf(0.75 *
                       (real_T)Set_Gap) == Time_Gap)) {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_S;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 4U;
          }
          break;

         default:
          /* case IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_lessthan_Set_Speed: */
          ACC_Y.Outport = 4U;
          if ((LeadVehicle_Detected == 0) && (DriveVehicle_Speed == Set_Speed))
          {
            ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = ACC_IN_LeadVehicle_Not_Detected;
            ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
          } else {
            tmp = (int32_T)rt_roundd_snf((real_T)LeadVehicle_Speed * 1.25);
            tmp_0 = (int32_T)rt_roundd_snf(1.25 * (real_T)Set_Gap);
            if (tmp < 256) {
              tmp_1 = (uint8_T)tmp;
            } else {
              tmp_1 = MAX_uint8_T;
            }

            if (tmp_0 < 256) {
              tmp_2 = (uint8_T)tmp_0;
            } else {
              tmp_2 = MAX_uint8_T;
            }

            if ((tmp_1 >= DriveVehicle_Speed) && ((int32_T)rt_roundd_snf((real_T)
                  LeadVehicle_Speed * 0.75) <= DriveVehicle_Speed) &&
                (DriveVehicle_Speed < Set_Speed) && (Time_Gap <= tmp_2) &&
                (Time_Gap >= (int32_T)rt_roundd_snf(0.75 * (real_T)Set_Gap))) {
              ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Speed_equal_Set_;
              ACC_Y.Outport = 5U;
            }
          }
          break;
        }
      }
      break;

     case ACC_IN_Off_Mode:
      ACC_Y.Outport = 0U;
      if (CruiseSwitch) {
        ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC = ACC_IN_Standby_Mode;
        ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
      }
      break;

     default:
      /* case IN_Standby_Mode: */
      ACC_Y.Outport = 1U;
      if (!CruiseSwitch) {
        ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC = ACC_IN_Off_Mode;
        ACC_Y.Outport = 0U;
      } else if (SetSwitch) {
        ACC_DW.is_c3_ACC = ACC_IN_ON_mode;
        ACC_DW.is_ON_mode = IN_LeadVehicle_Detected_Follow;
        ACC_Y.Outport = 2U;
      }
      break;
    }
  }

  /* End of Chart: '/Chart' */
}

/* Model initialize function */
void ACC_initialize(void)
{
  /* (no initialization code required) */
}

/* Model terminate function */
void ACC_terminate(void)
{
  /* (no terminate code required) */
}

/*
 * File trailer for generated code.
 *
 * [EOF]
 */

Goto MODEl ADvisor and check for mab guidlines and generate report 

report is provided in zip file

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