Challenge

Project 2

VVishal Chitare13 Sept 2022

1] ELectric Machine Performance:-

Maximum torque up to 34 Nm.

Maximum power: 10KW

Efficiency: Up to 94 Percent

2] Hybrid Modes:-

Idle stop and stop

Moving stop and start

Engine load shift

Torque assist

Torque boost

Energy recuperation

Brake generation

3] Advantages:-

Higher efficiency

The 12V starter can be removed

4] Disadvantages:-

Output torque limited by thje size of the elctric machine

Energy recuperation affected by engine friction losses

High impact on existing vehicle architecture

Higher overall cost of the electrical components

Air cooling not possible for electric machine

5] Overall charcteristics:-

Toruqe Boosting capacity: High

Electrical energy recuperation: Medium

Driveability improvements: Medium

Electrical Creep/drive: Possible

% Description:

%% Initialization File
% Initialization file for loading the variables for the Conventional vehicle simulation model

%% Vehicle Parameters
M = 1500; % Vehicle weight [kg]
Cr = 0.015; % Rolling resistance coefficient
Rw = 0.35; % Rolling radius [m]
Cd = 0.33; % Drag coefficient
Af = 2; % Frontal area [m2]
rhoa = 1.225; % Air density [kg/m3]
Vwind = 0; % Wind velocity [kmph]
g = 9.81; % Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]
theta = 0; % Slope [deg]
myu_road_tire = 1; % Coefficient of friction between tire - road interface

%% Powertrain Parameters
FDR = 3.73; % Final Drive Ratio / Diff Ratio
DiffEff = 0.99; % Differential efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

NumGear = 4; % Number of gears in transmission
TransGear = [1:NumGear]; % Transmission Gears
TransRatio = [3.06, 1.62, 1, 0.7]; % Corresponding Transmission ratios
TransEff = 0.90; % Transmission efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

TC_SR = [0, .5, .6, .7, .8, .87, .92, .94, .96, .97, 1]; % Torque Converter Speed Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbSpd/PumpSpd
TC_TR = [2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1, 1, 1, 1]; % Torque Converter Torque Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbTrq/PumpTrq
TC_Cf = 1e-4 * [.72558, .66322, .63463, .59042, .51331, .4144, .29287, .22444, .12186, .04386, 0]; % Torque Converter Capacity Factor (Matlab default) -> PumpTrq/PumpSpd^2 [Nm/rpm^2]

load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\Vehicle_Data\Engine_data_1_9L_Saturn_95kW.mat
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\Vehicle_Data\Trans_Shift_map.mat
load EM_Honda_Insight_10kW.mat
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\Vehicle_Data\ESS_NiMH6.mat

ESS_init_soc = 0.8;
ESS_soc_max = 0.9;
ESS_soc_min = 0.6;

Eng_idle_spd = 600;
SOC_max = 0.9;
SOC_min = 0.6;

%% Driver Parameters
Kp = 10; % P gain for driver PI model
Ki = 1; % I gain for driver PI model
Drive_Cycle_Select = 1; % Drive cycle selection

% Drive cycle values in m/s

if Drive_Cycle_Select == 1
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\DriveCycles\UDDS.MAT

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 2
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\DriveCycles\HWFET.mat;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 3
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\DriveCycles\FTP.mat;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 4
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\DriveCycles\US06.mat;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 5
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\DriveCycles\NEDC.mat;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 6
load C:\Matlab\files\Project1_Files\Project1_Files\DriveCycles\WLTP.mat;

end

time_end = cyc_time(end);
vel_end = cyc_vel(end);

After run this coding file open simulink model.

Vehicle Model:-

1] Layout:-

2] Driver:-

3] Controller:-

The Controller block is the brains of the vehicle, representing the electronic controls units. It is based on the driver inputs, it generates desired engine torque, required transmission gear, required motor torque and required brake torque. These inputs are fed to the ‘Powertrain’ block which represents the drivetrain of the vehicle. In this we require to create stateflow block it explain in next figure.

4] Stateflow for Controller:-

5] Engine Control Unit:-

6] Shiftlogic In this unit:-

7] Transmission Control Unit:-

8] Threeshold Value in This controller:-

9] Electric Motor Control Unit:-

10] Brake Control Unit:-

11] Engine:-

12] Electric Motor:-

13] Crankhub:-

14] Torque Converter:-

15] Transmission:-

16] Differential:-

17] Vehicle Dynamics:-

18] Wheel:-

Battery Modeling:-

A] Terminal Voltage:-

B] Estimated storage system:-

C] Pack Current:-

%% Renaming variables
Time = out.tout;
Acc_Pdl = out.Acc_Pdl;          % Accelerator pedal [%]
Brk_Pdl = out.Brk_Pdl;          % Brake pedal [%]
Gear_Cmd = out.Gear_CMD;        % Transmission gear
Trans_In_Spd = out.Trans_In_Spd*30/pi;  % Transmission input speed [rpm]
Trans_Out_Spd = out.TransOutSpd*30/pi;% Transmission output speed [rpm]
Eng_Trq = out.Eng_Trq;          % Engine brake torque [Nm]
Eng_Spd = out.Eng_Spd*30/pi;    % Engine speed [rpm]
Eng_Fuel_Consump = out.Eng_Fuel_Consumption;    % Engine fuel consumption [g]
Veh_Dist = out.Veh_Dist/1000;   % Distance traveled by vehicle [km]
Veh_Spd = out.Veh_Spd*18/5;     % Vehicle speed [kmph]
Wheel_Speed = out.WheelSpeed;     % Wheel speed [kmph]
Eng_Fuel_Rate = out.Eng_Fuel_Rate % Engine fuel rate [%]
EM_Speed = out.EMSpd*18/5;        % Electric Motor Speed
EM_Power = out.EMPwr;            % Electric Motor Power
EM_Torque = out.EMTrq;           % Electric Motor Torque
Term_Volt = out.term_volt;        % Terminal Voltage of battery
Soc = out.SOC;                    % State Of Charge
Pack_Current = out.Pack_Current;   %Pack current of battery

%% Data Analysis
Eng_Pwr = Eng_Spd*pi/30*Eng_Trq/1000;   % Engine brake power [kW]
rho_petrol = 0.7197;                    % Density of petrol [kg/L]
kmpl = Veh_Dist(end)/(Eng_Fuel_Consump(end)/1000/rho_petrol);    % Fuel economy [kmpl]

%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace to Engine speed, Engine Torque, Engine Power, 
%  And Engine fuel rate, Engine fuel consumption
% Data conversion from Double Timeseries

Eng_spd = Eng_Spd.Data(:,1);   % engine speed
Eng_trq = Eng_Trq.Data(:,1);   % engine torque
Eng_pwr = Eng_Pwr.Data(:,1);   % engine power
Eng_fuel_rate = Eng_Fuel_Rate.Data(:,1);   % engine fuel rate
Eng_fuel_consumption = Eng_Fuel_Consump.Data(:,1);   % engine fuel consumption
EM_speed = EM_Speed.Data(:,1);   % motor speed
EM_power = EM_Power.Data(:,1);   % Motor Power
EM_torque = EM_Torque.Data(:,1);   % Motor Torque
Pack_current = Pack_Current.Data(:,1);  %pack current of battery
State_of_charge = Soc.Data(:,1);      %state of charge
Term_voltage = Term_Volt.Data(:,1);    % terminal Voltage of battery

%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace transmission IN/OUT and Wheel Speed
figure(1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Trans_In_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
plot(Time, Trans_Out_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
plot(Time, Wheel_Speed, 'linewidth',1, 'color', 'blue')
ylabel('Speed [rpm]')
xlabel('Timem [s]')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
ylim([0, 6000]);
legend('Trans Input','Trans Output','Wheel Speed');

%% Plotting Engine speed, Engine Torque, Engine Power,Engine fuel rate,Engine fuel consumption wrt Time 
figure(2)
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(Time,Eng_trq,'linewidth',1,'color','black')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Torque [Nm]')
legend('Engine Torque')
grid on

subplot(4,1,2)
plot(Time,Eng_pwr,'linewidth',1,'color','blue')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Power [KW]')
legend('Engine Power')
grid on

subplot(4,1,3)
plot(Time,Eng_fuel_rate,'linewidth',1,'color','red')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Fuel Rate [%]')
legend('Engine Fuel Rate')
grid on

subplot(4,1,4)
plot(Time,Eng_fuel_consumption,'linewidth',1,'color','green')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Fuel Consumption')
legend('Engine Fuel Consumption')
grid on

% Plotting fuel economy Vs Engine Fuel consumption 
figure(3)
plot(Eng_fuel_consumption,Eng_fuel_rate,'color','r')
xlabel('Fuel consumption')
ylabel('Fuel Rate [%]')
title('Fuel economy Vs Fuel Consumption')
grid on

%% Potting Accelerator pedal, Brake pedal and gear command with respect to time
figure(4)
subplot(2,1,1)
hold on
plot(Time, Acc_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
plot(Time, Brk_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
ylabel('Pedal [%]')
xlabel('Time [s]');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
grid on
legend('Accel','Brake');
title('Acceleration & Brake Pedal wrt Time')

subplot(2,1,2)
plot(Time, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('Gear');
grid on
title('Gear command wrt Time')

% Plotting gear command vehicle desired with actual speed
figure(5)
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(Veh_spd, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
xlabel('Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Gear');
grid on
title('Gear command wrt vehicle speed')

subplot(2,1,2)
plot(Veh_dist, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
xlabel('Distance [kmpl]');
ylabel('Gear');
grid on
title('Gear command wrt Distance')

%% Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map
figure('Name','Engine Operating Points');
hold on
grid on
title('Engine Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
p2=line([Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p3=line([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(1)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
[c,h] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eng_fuel_map');
clabel(c,h);
xlabel('Engine Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Engine Torque [Nm]');
title('Engine Fuel Consumption Map [g/s]');
legend([p1 p3],{'Max Curve','Operating Points'});
axis([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 Eng_map_trq(end)]);

%% State of Charge, Pack Current, And Terminal Voltage with respect to Time
figure(6)
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(Time,Pack_current,'linewidth',1,'color','black')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Current [W]')
legend('Pack Current')
grid on

subplot(3,1,2)
plot(Time,State_of_charge,'linewidth',1,'color','blue')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Charging [%]')
legend('State Of Charge')
grid on

subplot(3,1,3)
plot(Time,Term_voltage,'linewidth',1,'color','red')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Voltage [V]')
legend('Terminal Voltage')
grid on

%% Motor Speed, Torque, Motor input power with respect to Time
figure(7)
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(Time,EM_power,'linewidth',1,'color','black')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Power [W]')
legend('Electric Motor Power ')
grid on

subplot(3,1,2)
plot(Time,EM_torque,'linewidth',1,'color','blue')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel(' Torque [Nm]')
legend('Electric Motor Torque')
grid on

subplot(3,1,3)
plot(Time,EM_speed,'linewidth',1,'color','red')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]')
ylabel('Speed [Rpm]')
legend('Electrical Motor Speed')
grid on

%% Plotting EM Operating Points on motor input power Map
figure('Name','Electric Motor Operating Points');
hold on
grid on
title('Electric Motor Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(EM_map_spd*30/pi,EM_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
p2=line([EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 EM_max_trq(end)]);
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p3=line([EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 EM_max_trq(1)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
[c,h] = contour(EM_map_spd'*30/pi,EM_map_trq,EM_inpwr_map');
clabel(c,h);
xlabel('Motor Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Motor Torque [Nm]');
title('Motor Input Power Map [g/s]');
legend([p1 p3],{'Max Curve','Operating Points'});
axis([EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 EM_map_trq(end)]);

Plot the time trace for engine, transmission input, transmission output and wheel speed on one plot.

1] For UDDS drive cycle:-