Project 2

Description:
As discussed in Lecture 11, Project 2 deals with the development of a forward energy-based fuel consumption model of a P1 hybrid vehicle. This model is based on the conventional vehicle model from Project 1.

The main goal of this project is to understand the functionality of a P1 hybrid and be able to model it.

Honda Insight motor and battery are considered for this project. Data is taken from ADVISOR data base developed by NREL, USA. Data provided in the project files.

“Project2_InitFile.m” is a Matlab script used to load all the variables required for running the Simulink model and for post-processing. The drive cycle selection is also done here. Before running the Simulink vehicle model, run this initialization script.

To do that, the following steps need to be followed:

1) Load the Project2 folder as the Current Folder in Matlab.
2) Run the “Project2_InitFile.m” Matlab script.
3) Copy the Conventional vehicle Simulink model created for Project 1 in this folder. Figure 1: P1 Hybrid ArchitectureHybrid Drives Development
4) Modify this model into a hybrid vehicle model. The lecture presentations can be used as reference. Battery and Supervisory controller models developed in the assignments can be reused.
5) Add additional ‘To Workspace’ blocks for transferring the desired Simulink vehicle data into the Matlab workspace.
6) Simulate the hybrid model on the desired drive cycles.
7) Write a project report that contains the following:
a. Tabulate the fuel economy numbers (kmpl) for UDDS and HWFET cycle. Compare these numbers with the baseline numbers for conventional vehicle model from Project 1.
b. Plot the time trace for engine, transmission input, transmission output and wheel speed on one plot.
c. Plot engine torque, engine power, fuel rate and fuel consumption using subplots.
d. Plot accelerator and brake pedal, gear command, vehicle desired and actual speed, vehicle distance using subplots.
e. Plot the engine operating points on the engine fuel map.
f. Plot motor speed, torque, motor input power using subplots.
g. Plot pack voltage, current and SoC using subplots.
h. Plot the motor operating points on the motor input power map, with the motor max motoring and generating torque curves.
i. Write down appropriate brief comments on each of these plots, describing the vehicle behavior throughout the drive cycle.
j. Generate the plots for both drive cycles

INTRODUCTION:

Crankshaft Mounted Electrical Machine or P1 Hybird Architecture:

The
electric machine is directly connected to the crankshaft P1 architecture is Honda's solution to the Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) 1st Generation Technology used. The electric motor acts as a generator when the vehicle is decelerating, as an engine starter, and as a motor (to assist the engine) when the vehicle is accelerating.
One of the biggest advantages of this solution is that the electric motor can provide higher torque than BiSG because there is no belt limitation (due to slip). However, because there is no speed / torque ratio between the electric machine and the crankshaft, the torque required for an electric motor can be very high.

Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS):

UDDS stands for Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, which represents urban driving conditions mandated by the US Environmental Protection Agency and is the fuel fuel used to test light commercial vehicles. Refers to the dynamometer test. Also known as the

FTP-72 (Federal Test Procedure) cycle, LA-4 cycle in the United States, A10 or CVS (Constant Volume Sampler) cycle in Sweden, and ADR 27 cycle (Australian design rule).

Originally created as a reference point for fossil fuel vehicles, it is also used to estimate how many kilometers an electric vehicle will travel on a single charge.

Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWEFT): The

Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET) is defined in 40CFR600.I.
The procedure is updated by adding a "hot start" cycle that repeats the "cold start" cycle at the start of the UDDS cycle.
Therefore, the average speed is different, but the maximum speed remains the same as for UDDS. The combined cold start and transient weighting factor is 0.43, which is 0.
57 for the warm start phase. It uses a
warm-up engine and travels a distance of 10 miles (16 km) at an average speed of 48 mph (77 km / h) and a top speed of 60 mph (97 km / h) without stopping.
Procedure:

Download attachments from the specified file and change the folder to Matlab's current folder.
Next, run the Matlab script "Project2_InitFile.m", enter the correct input and output values, and select the driving cycle. Open
Simulink and Project2.slx and make changes to the block to convert a traditional vehicle into a P1 hybrid vehicle.

Controller block :

Mode selection chart :

Engine control unit block :

Transmission control unit block :

Electric motor control unit block :

Powertrain block :

Electric motor block:

Crankhub block :

Transmission block :

Torque converter block :

ESS block :

SOC estimation block :

Terminal voltage block :

Program:
Project2_InitFile.m

%% Initialization File
% Initialization file for loading the variables for the Conventional vehicle simulation model

%% Vehicle Parameters
M = 1500; % Vehicle weight [kg]
Cr = 0.015; % Rolling resistance coefficient
Rw = 0.35; % Rolling radius [m]
Cd = 0.33; % Drag coefficient
Af = 2; % Frontal area [m2]
rhoa = 1.225; % Air density [kg/m3]
Vwind = 0; % Wind velocity [kmph]
g = 9.81; % Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]
theta = 0; % Slope [deg]
myu_road_tire = 1; % Coefficient of friction between tire - road interface

%% Powertrain Parameters 
FDR = 3.73; % Final Drive Ratio / Diff Ratio
DiffEff = 0.99; % Differential efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

NumGear = 4; % Number of gears in transmission
TransGear = [1:NumGear]; % Transmission Gears
TransRatio = [3.06, 1.62, 1, 0.7]; % Corresponding Transmission ratios
TransEff = 0.90; % Transmission efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

TC_SR = [0, .5, .6, .7, .8, .87, .92, .94, .96, .97, 1]; % Torque Converter Speed Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbSpd/PumpSpd 
TC_TR = [2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1, 1, 1, 1]; % Torque Converter Torque Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbTrq/PumpTrq
TC_Cf = 1e-4 * [.72558, .66322, .63463, .59042, .51331, .4144, .29287, .22444, .12186, .04386, 0]; % Torque Converter Capacity Factor (Matlab default) -> PumpTrq/PumpSpd^2 [Nm/rpm^2]

load Vehicle_Data/Engine_data_1_9L_Saturn_95kW
load Vehicle_Data/Trans_Shift_map
load Vehicle_Data/EM_Honda_Insight_10kW
load Vehicle_Data/ESS_NiMH6
load Vehicle_Data/Pack_Current_test

ESS_init_soc = 0.8;
ESS_soc_max = 0.9;
ESS_soc_min = 0.6;

%% Driver Parameters
Kp = 10; % P gain for driver PI model
Ki = 1; % I gain for driver PI model
Drive_Cycle_Select = 1; % Drive cycle selection

% Drive cycle values in m/s

if Drive_Cycle_Select == 1
load DriveCycles/UDDS;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 2
load DriveCycles/HWFET;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 3
load DriveCycles/FTP;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 4
load DriveCycles/US06;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 5
load DriveCycles/NEDC;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 6
load DriveCycles/WLTP;


end

time_end = cyc_time(end);
vel_end = cyc_vel(end);

set_param('Project_2','DataTypeOverride','Off')
Project2_ProcessingFile:

%% Renaming variables
Time = out.tout;
Acc_Pdl = out.Acc_Pdl; % Accelerator pedal [%]
Brk_Pdl = out.Brk_Pdl; % Brake pedal [%]
Gear_Cmd = out.Gear_Cmd; % Transmission gear
Trans_In_Spd = out.Trans_In_Spd*30/pi; % Transmission input speed [rpm]
Trans_Out_Spd = out.Trans_Out_Spd*30/pi;% Transmission output speed [rpm]
Eng_Trq = out.Eng_Trq; % Engine brake torque [Nm]
Eng_Spd = out.Eng_Spd*30/pi; % Engine speed [rpm]
Eng_Fuel_Consump = out.Eng_Fuel_Consumption; % Engine fuel consumption [g]
Eng_Fuel_Rate= out.Eng_Fuel_Rate;
Veh_Dist = out.Veh_Dist/1000; % Distance traveled by vehicle [km]
Veh_Spd = out.Veh_Spd*18/5; % Vehicle speed [kmph]
Act_Spd=out.Act_Spd; % Actual speed in [kmph]
EMS=out.EM_spd./0.10472;
P=out.ElecPwr;
SOC=out.SOC;
V=out.V;

%% Data Analysis
Eng_Pwr = Eng_Spd.*pi./30.*Eng_Trq./1000; % Engine brake power [kW]
rho_petrol = 0.7197; % Density of petrol [kg/L]
Eff=Eng_eff_map.*100;
Pwr=EM_inpwr_map./1000;
EMT=9.5488.*P./EMS;
kmpl = Veh_Dist(end)/(Eng_Fuel_Consump(end)/1000/rho_petrol); % Fuel economy [kmpl]
Range=P(end)./(Eng_Fuel_Consump(end)*100/1000/rho_petrol);

%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace
figure(1)
subplot(5,1,1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Acc_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
plot(Time, Brk_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
ylabel('Pedal [%]')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
legend('Acceleration','Brake');
subplot(5,1,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Trans_In_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
plot(Time, Trans_Out_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
ylabel('Speed [rpm]')
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
ylim([0, 6000]);
legend('Trans Input','Trans Output');
subplot(5,1,3)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('Gear');
subplot(5,1,4)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, Act_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
plot(Time, Veh_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('Speed [kmph]');
legend('Actual Speed','Vehicle Speed');
subplot(5,1,5)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time,Veh_Dist, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('Distance [km]');
%% Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map
figure(2);
hold on
grid on
title('Engine Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
[c,h] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eng_fuel_map','m');
clabel(c,h);
[c1,h1] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eff','k');
clabel(c1,h1);
p2=plot(Eng_Spd*30/pi,Eng_Trq,'.','color','b');
p3=line([Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
xlabel('Engine Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Engine Torque [Nm]');
title('Engine Fuel Consumption Map [g/s]');
p4 = line([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(1)]);
set(p4,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
legend('Max Curve','Engine Fuel Consumption in g/s','Engine Efficiency','Operating Points');
axis([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 Eng_map_trq(end)]);

%% Plotting Motor operating points
figure(3);
hold on
grid on
title('Motor Operating Points','fontsize',12);
p1=plot(EM_map_spd*30/pi,EM_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');
[c,h] = contour(EM_map_spd'*30/pi,EM_map_trq,Pwr','m');
clabel(c,h);
p2 = plot(EMS*30/pi,EMT,'.','color','b');
set(p2,'linewidth',1,'marker','.','color','k');
p3=line([EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 EM_max_trq(end)]);
set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
p4=line([EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 EM_max_trq(1)]);
set(p4,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');
xlabel('Motor Speed [rpm]');
ylabel('Motor Torque [Nm]');
title('Motor efficiency map in %');
legend('Max Curve','Motor powering in kW','Motor Operating Points');
axis([EM_map_spd(1)*30/pi EM_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 EM_map_trq(end)]);

figure(4);
subplot(3,1,1)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, P, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'r');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
ylim([0, 6000]);
ylabel('Current [A]')
legend('Current [A]');
subplot(3,1,2)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, V, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'b');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
ylabel('Voltage [V]')
legend('Voltage [V]');
subplot(3,1,3)
hold on
grid on
plot(Time, SOC, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'k');
legend('SOC [%]');
xlim([0, Time(end)]);
xlabel('Time [s]');
ylabel('SOC [%]');

%Display calculated fuel economy of vehicle
fprintf('nFuel economy [km/L] : %f kmpl',kmpl);
fprintf('nElectrical drive Range [km] : %f km',Range);

Plots:

Characteristics of Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS):

Engine fuel efficiency map:

Motor powering map:

Battery stats: