Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

AIM: To create the Architectural Drawing ( Floor plan, Elevations and Sections) for the plot size 60' X 20'(18.3m X 6m),orientation East facing and to develop various structural drawings ( Column, Beam, Footing plan).

INTRODUCTION: The desired drawing can be prepared by using different AutoCAD tools and commands like : Line command , Erase command , Circle command, Rotate command , Trim command, Rectangle command, Dimlinear command, Text command, XL command etc. These are the various tools which helps us in creation relevant drawings in the AutoCAD.

1. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS:

Procedure:

- Firstly open the AutoCAD software select NEW.

- In the Create New Drawing option select IMPERIAL settings.

- In the advanced setup select the Engineering as the measurement unit and select precision as 0'-0.0".

- Now set the limits just by typing LIMITS in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now give the limits. The lower left corner limit is 0'0",0'0" and the upper right corner limit is 1000',1000'.

- Now set the unit just type UNI in the command line and then press Enter.

- Select the Engineering in the type section and give the precision as 0'-0.0" and Inches in the insertion scale column.

- Then click on OK.

Create layers:

- Firstly click on the LAYER PROPERTIES option in the layer pannel.

- Now click on the NEW LAYER to create the different layers for different blocks like doors, windows, external and internal wall,furniture,stairs,dimensions,text etc.

- Specify different colours for different blocks.

- And now close the layer properties.

A) Floor plan:

Given data:

Plot size: 60' X 20'. or (18.3m X 6m).

- To start the drawing,select the walls layer from the layer properties as the current layer.

- With the help of Construction line command we can draw the boundaries of the plan.

- Type XL in the command line and then type "V" for the vertical line and "H" for the horizontal line and then press Enter.

- Draw two construction lines, one in horizontal and the other one is vertical in direction intersecting at a point.

- Now press ESC to cancel the xline command.

- By using trim tool we can trim the all unwanted lines. Just type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now trim the all unwanted lines.

- Press ESC to cancel the ESCAPE command.

- Using offset command, offset the vertical line at a offset distance of 60'.

- And the horizontal line at a distance of 20'.

- Repeat the offset command to give the thickness of the walls.

- Take external thickness as 9" and internal thickness as 4.5".

- Select both the vertical and horizontal line above the drawing.

- Press ESC to cancel the OFFSET command.

- Now trim the all unwanted lines using the TRIM command.

- Type TR in the command line and the press Enter.

- Press ESC.

- Use the offset command repeatedly to create the remaining walls i.e,internal and external walls.

STAIRS:

- For drawing the stairs, select the stairs layer from the layer properties and turn on the stairs layer.

- Stairs can be drawn using the line command, type L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw a line of length 6'.

- Press ESC to cancel the line command.

- Now using the offset command we can draw the steps/treads of the stairs. Type OFFSET in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the offset distance as 10" and the click wherever is required.

- Now keep selecting and offseting the lines untill 9th step to create the staircase.

- Now press the ESC to cancel the offset command.

- Now using the line command draw a midline of 6" line.

- Press the ESC command to cancel the line command.

- Now use the trim command and trim the all unwanted lines.

- Type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press Esc to cancel the trim command.

DOORS AND WINDOWS:

Assumed data:

DOORS:

D1 : 3'-3" X 6'-8"

D2 : 3' X 6'-8"

D3 : 2'-6" X 6'-8"

- To draw the doors and windows, select the door and window layer from the layer property.

- And set the door and window layer as the default layer.

- Using the line tool by typing L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Door D1 is created at the main door with a width of 3'-3".

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Using the arc command i can draw the arc represents the swing of the door.

- Click on the arc option from the ribbon and from there click on the Start,End,Direction and draw the arc by specifying the start,end and direction.

- Press Esc to cancel the Arc command.

- Now using the line command by typing L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Door D2 is created with a width of 3'.

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Using the arc command i can draw the arc represents the swing of the door.

- Click on the arc option from the ribbon and from there click on the Start,End,Direction and draw the arc by specifying the start,end and direction.

- Press Esc to cancel the Arc command.

- Now using the line command by typing L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Door D3 is created with a width of 2'-6".

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Using the arc command i can draw the arc represents the swing of the door.

- Click on the arc option from the ribbon and from there click on the Start,End,Direction and draw the arc by specifying the start,end and direction.

- Press Esc to cancel the Arc command.

Assumed data:

WINDOWS:

W1 : 6' X 4'

W2 : 4' X 4'

V : 2' X 4'

- For drawing the windows,using the line command by typing L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Window W1 is created with a width of 6'.

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Using the line tool by typing L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Window W2 is created with a width of 4'.

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Using the line tool by typing L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Ventilator V is created with a width of 2'.

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Now convert the doors,windows and the ventilators in the blocks.

- Type B in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify a pick point and select the objects individually and assign the names to the blocks.

- Type I in the command line and then press Enter.

- Insert the doors, windows and ventilators where required with suitable rotation.

COLUMN:

- To draw the column, select the column layer from the layer property.

- Select the column layer as the default layer.

- Column can be draw by using the rectangle tool.

- And to invoke the rectangle tool type REC in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the first point anywhere in the drawing and then type d and enter.

- Now specify the length and width of the rectangle.

- Draw the column of length and width 1' X 9".

- Press Esc to cancle the rectangle command.

- Now use the copy command we can copy the column to their respective positions.

- Type CO in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press Esc to cancel the copy command.

- Using hatch command we can hatch the column.

- Type H in the command line and then press Enter.

- Select AR-CONC pattern and select the pick point inside the colum.

- Press Esc to cancel the hatch command.

FURNITURE:

- To create the furniture, select the furniture layer from the layer properties.

- Set the furniture layer as the default layer.

- Type ADC in the command line and then press Enter.

- Select the desired furniture and appliances and copy them to our drawing sheet.

- And scale them according to the drawing scale.

- Press Esc.

CHAJJA:

- To draw the chajja,select the chajja layer from the layer property.

- And set the chajja layer as the default layer.

- By using the line tool we can draw the chajja. Just type L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw the chajjas using the line.

- Press Esc.

- Now go to the properties and change the line type to the dashed.

SECTION LINE AA :

- To draw the section line AA use line command.

- Type L in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now draw the section line AA and section line BB within the drawing.

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Now go to the properties and change the linetype to the long dash short dash.

DIMENSION AND TEXT:

- To enter the text,select the dimension and text layer from the layer property.

- And set the dimension and text layer as the default layer.

- Type D in the command line and then press Enter.

- Click in the modify button under the text option change the text height to 2'.

- Click OK and then click on the set current and then close the dialog box.

- Type DIMLIN in the command line and then press Enter.

- And give the dimensions using dimlinear option.

- After giving the dimensions to the plan press Esc to cancel the DIMLIN command.

- Now type MTEXT in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the start point of the text.

- Scale the text to the desired size.

- Enter the text at the required positions.

- Press Esc to cancel the MTEXT command.

B) ELEVATION:

- To draw the elevation of the given plan use the construction line command to create the elevation.

- To invoke the construction line command just type XL in the command line and then press enter.

- Type V in the command line for the vertical lines.

- Draw the projection lines from the plan created.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Again use the XL command. Just type XL in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press H in the command line for the horizontal lines.

- Draw a horizontal line at a suitable distance.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Now use the trim tool.

- And to invoke the trim tool we need to type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now trim the all unwanted lines using trim command.

- Press Esc to cancel the trim command.

- Use offset command by typing OFFSET in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now offset the horizontal line to a offset distance of 1'-6" i.e the plinth height, now again using the offset give a distance of 10' in the upward direction and this is the floor height and again give the offset of distance 8' in the upward direction i.e, the terrace height.

- And the vertical xlines are offseted according to the room dimensions and the wall thickness.

- Press Esc to cancel the offset command.

- Use trim tool to trim the all unwanted lines.

- Type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press the Esc to cancel the trim command.

WINDOWS AND DOORS:

- To create the windows in the elevation. using the offset command create the offset for the windows.

- The height of the window is 4'.

- Take the offset distance as 4'.

- Press Esc to cancel the offset command.

- Using the trim command, trim all the unwanted lines.

- Press Esc to cancel the trim command.

- Draw the windows.

DIMENSION AND MTEXT:

- To enter the text,select the dimension and text layer from the layer property.

- And set the dimension and text layer as the default layer.

- Type D in the command line and then press Enter.

- Click in the modify button under the text option change the text height to 2'.

- Click OK and then click on the set current and then close the dialog box.

- Type DIMLIN in the command line and then press Enter.

- And give the dimensions using dimlinear option.

- After giving the dimensions to the plan press Esc to cancel the DIMLIN command.

- Now type MTEXT in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the start point of the text.

- Scale the text to the desired size.

- Enter the text at the required positions.

- Press Esc to cancel the MTEXT command.

C) SECTION AA:

- To draw the section AA of the given plan use the construction line command to create the section AA.

- To invoke the construction line command just type XL in the command line and then press enter.

- Type V in the command line for the vertical lines.

- Draw the projection lines from the plan created.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Again use the XL command. Just type XL in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press H in the command line for the horizontal lines.

- Draw a horizontal line at a suitable distance.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Now use the trim tool.

- And to invoke the trim tool we need to type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now trim the all unwanted lines using trim command.

- Press Esc to cancel the trim command.

- Use offset command by typing OFFSET in the command line and then press Enter.

- The horizontal xlines are offseted according to the storey height.

- Press Esc to cancel the offset command.

- Use trim tool to trim the all unwanted lines.

- Type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press the Esc to cancel the trim command.

WINDOWS AND DOORS:

- To create the windows and doors in the SectionAA by using the offset command create the offset for the windows and doors.

- Create the offsets according to the assumed data for the doors and the windows.

- The height of the door is 6'-8' and the height of the window is 4'.

- Press Esc to cancel the offset command.

- Using the trim command, trim all the unwanted lines.

- Press Esc to cancel the trim command.

- Assign the different objects to the different layers.

DIMENSION AND MTEXT:

- To enter the text,select the dimension and text layer from the layer property.

- And set the dimension and text layer as the default layer.

- Type D in the command line and then press Enter.

- Click in the modify button under the text option change the text height to 2'.

- Click OK and then click on the set current and then close the dialog box.

- Type DIMLIN in the command line and then press Enter.

- And give the dimensions using dimlinear option.

- After giving the dimensions to the plan press Esc to cancle the DIMLIN command.

- Now type MTEXT in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the start point of the text.

- Scale the text to the desired size.

- Enter the text at the required positions.

- Press Esc to cancel the MTEXT command.

D) SECTION BB:

- To draw the section BB of the given plan use the construction line command to create the section AA.

- To invoke the construction line command just type XL in the command line and then press enter.

- Type V in the command line for the vertical lines.

- Draw the projection lines from the plan created.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Again use the XL command. Just type XL in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press H in the command line for the horizontal lines.

- Draw a horizontal line at a suitable distance.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Now use the trim tool.

- And to invoke the trim tool we need to type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now trim the all unwanted lines using trim command.

- Press Esc to cancel the trim command.

- Use offset command by typing OFFSET in the command line and then press Enter.

- The horizontal xlines are offseted according to the storey height.

- Press Esc to cancel the offset command.

- Use trim tool to trim the all unwanted lines.

- Type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press the Esc to cancel the trim command.

STAIRS:

- Select the line command to draw the stairs.

- Type L or line in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw stairs using line command. The dimensions are riser is of 6" and tread is of 10".

- Press Esc to cancel the line command.

- Using the copy command we can copy this to create the flight of stairs.

- Now press Esc to cancel the copy command.

- Now assign a layer to this stair fight from layer properties.

MTEXT AND ANNOTATIONS:

- To enter the text,select the dimension and text layer from the layer property.

- And set the dimension and text layer as the default layer.

- Type D in the command line and then press Enter.

- Click in the modify button under the text option change the text height to 2'.

- Click OK and then click on the set current and then close the dialog box.

- Type DIMLIN in the command line and then press Enter.

- And give the dimensions using dimlinear option.

- After giving the dimensions to the plan press Esc to cancel the DIMLIN command.

- Now type MTEXT in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the start point of the text.

- Scale the text to the desired size.

- Enter the text at the required positions.

- Press Esc to cancel the MTEXT command.

RESULT:

2) STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS:

A) COLUMN LAYOUT:

- First of all turn OFF all the layers except the column layer.

- Now use the copy command to copy all the column of the plan to a different place.

- Type CO or copy in the command line and then press Enter.

- Now press Esc and cancel the copy command.

- Now turn ON all the layers.

- To invoke the construction line command just type XL in the command line and then press enter.

- Type V in the command line for the vertical lines.

- Draw lines throught the mid-point of the columns.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Again use the XL command. Just type XL in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press H in the command line for the horizontal lines.

- Draw lines throught the mid-point of the columns.

- Press Esc to cancel the XL command.

- Use trim tool to trim the all unwanted lines.

- Type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press the Esc to cancel the trim command.

- Select the lines and right click,go to the properties and change its linetype to ACAD_ISO02W100.

- To enter the text,select the dimension and text layer from the layer property.

- And set the dimension and text layer as the default layer.

- Type D in the command line and then press Enter.

- Click in the modify button under the text option change the text height to 2'.

- Click OK and then click on the set current and then close the dialog box.

- Type DIMLIN in the command line and then press Enter.

- And give the dimensions using dimlinear option.

- After giving the dimensions to the plan press Esc to cancel the DIMLIN command.

- Now type MTEXT in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the start point of the text.

- Scale the text to the desired size.

- Enter the text at the required positions.

- Press Esc to cancel the MTEXT command.

B) BEAM LAYOUT:

- Now use the copy command to copy the column layout of the plan to a different place.

- Type CO or copy in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press Esc and then press Enter.

- Use offset command by typing OFFSET in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify offset distance as 4.5" and create offset for the beam of width 9".

- Press Esc and then press Enter.

- Again use offset command by typing OFFSET in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify offset distance as 6" and create offset for the beam of width 1'.

- Use trim tool to trim the all unwanted lines.

- Type TR in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press the Esc to cancel the trim command.

- To enter the text,select the dimension and text layer from the layer property.

- And set the dimension and text layer as the default layer.

- Type D in the command line and then press Enter.

- Click in the modify button under the text option change the text height to 2'.

- Click OK and then click on the set current and then close the dialog box.

- Type DIMLIN in the command line and then press Enter.

- And give the dimensions using dimlinear option.

- After giving the dimensions to the plan press Esc to cancel the DIMLIN command.

- Now type MTEXT in the command line and then press Enter.

- Specify the start point of the text.

- Scale the text to the desired size.

- Enter the text at the required positions.

- Press Esc to cancel the MTEXT command.

C) FOOTING PLAN:

- Use the copy command to copy the column layout of the plan to a different place.

- Type CO or copy in the command line and then press Enter.

- Press Esc and then press Enter.

- Select the footing layer from the layer properties.

- Now type REC or rectangle in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw a rectangle of dimensions 4' X 5'.

- Now using the copy command, copy this rectangle specify the base point and copy it in the columns C1,C3,C7,C16,C18 and C23.

- Press Esc to cancel the rectangle command.

- Now type REC or rectangle in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw a rectangle of dimensions 4' X 4'.

- Now using the copy command, copy this rectangle specify the base point and copy it in the columns C2,C6,C10,C14,C17,C20 and C22.

- Press Esc to cancel the rectangle command.

- Now again type REC or rectangle in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw a rectangle of dimensions 4' X 3'.

- Now using the copy command, copy this rectangle specify the base point and copy it in the columns C5.

- Press Esc to cancel the rectangle command.

- Now type REC or rectangle in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw a rectangle of dimensions 6' X 8'6".

- Now using the copy command, copy this rectangle specify the base point and copy it in the columns C8,C9,C12 and C13.

- Press Esc to cancel the rectangle command.

- Now type REC or rectangle in the command line and then press Enter.

- Draw a rectangle of dimensions 12' X 7'7".

- Now using the copy command, copy this rectangle specify the base point and copy it in the columns C11,C15,C19 and C21.

- Press Esc to cancel the rectangle command.

RESULT: