Challenge

Project 1

MMohammad Uzair2 Aug 2023

Project 1

Ans:

The project aims to help you understand the modeling process, simulation, data analysis, and generating plots related to vehicle performance. Here's a summarized breakdown of the tasks:

Project Overview:

Develop a fuel consumption model for a conventional vehicle using MATLAB and Simulink.
Use data from the ADVISOR database for a midsize car with a 1.9L engine and 4-speed automatic transmission.
Simulate the vehicle on different drive cycles (UDDS, HWFET, FTP, NEDC).

Steps to Follow:

Load Project1 Folder:
- Set the Project1 folder as the Current Folder in MATLAB.
Run "Project1_InitFile.m":
- Execute this MATLAB script to initialize variables and select the drive cycle.
Complete Simulink Model ("Project1_VehicleModel.slx"):
- Build the Simulink blocks for the engine and vehicle dynamics based on course materials and provided block images.
- Use 'Scope' blocks for debugging and visualize model outputs.
- Add 'To Workspace' blocks to transfer desired simulation data to the MATLAB workspace.
Modify "Project1_ProcessingFile.m":
- Adapt this MATLAB script to perform required calculations and generate desired plots based on simulation data.
- Rename variables if needed, perform post-process calculations.
Analyze and Generate Plots:
- Tabulate fuel economy (kmpl) for UDDS and HWFET cycles.
- Plot time traces for engine speed, transmission input/output speed, and wheel speed on a single plot.
- Create subplots for engine torque, power, fuel rate, and consumption.
- Plot accelerator/brake pedal positions, gear command, desired/actual vehicle speed, and distance.
- Plot engine operating points on the engine fuel map.
- Provide comments describing vehicle behavior in each plot.
Write Project Report:
- Summarize the project objectives, methodology, and steps taken.
- Include tabulated fuel economy results for UDDS and HWFET cycles.
- Present the generated plots with appropriate labels and captions.
- Add comments explaining vehicle behavior based on plotted data.
- Consider including any challenges encountered and how they were addressed.

MATLAB scripts:

Used to load all the variables required for running the Simulink model and for post-processing. The drive cycle selection is also done here. Before running the Simulink vehicle model, run this initialization script.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development

% Project 1 - Conventional Vehicle Model

% By - Ullekh Gambhira

% Description:

%% Initialization File

% Initialization file for loading the variables for the Conventional vehicle simulation model

%% Vehicle Parameters

M = 1500; % Vehicle weight [kg]

Cr = 0.015; % Rolling resistance coefficient

Rw = 0.35; % Rolling radius [m]

Cd = 0.33; % Drag coefficient

Af = 2; % Frontal area [m2]

rhoa = 1.225; % Air density [kg/m3]

Vwind = 0; % Wind velocity [kmph]

g = 9.81; % Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]

theta = 0; % Slope [deg]

myu_road_tire = 1; % Coefficient of friction between tire - road interface

%% Powertrain Parameters

FDR = 3.73; % Final Drive Ratio / Diff Ratio

DiffEff = 0.99; % Differential efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

NumGear = 4; % Number of gears in transmission

TransGear = [1:NumGear]; % Transmission Gears

TransRatio = [3.06, 1.62, 1, 0.7]; % Corresponding Transmission ratios

TransEff = 0.90; % Transmission efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

TC_SR = [0, .5, .6, .7, .8, .87, .92, .94, .96, .97, 1]; % Torque Converter Speed Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbSpd/PumpSpd

TC_TR = [2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1, 1, 1, 1]; % Torque Converter Torque Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbTrq/PumpTrq

TC_Cf = 1e-4 * [.72558, .66322, .63463, .59042, .51331, .4144, .29287, .22444, .12186, .04386, 0]; % Torque Converter Capacity Factor (Matlab default) -> PumpTrq/PumpSpd^2 [Nm/rpm^2]

load Vehicle_Data/Engine_data_1_9L_Saturn_95kW

load Vehicle_Data/Trans_Shift_map

%% Driver Parameters

Kp = 10; % P gain for driver PI model

Ki = 1; % I gain for driver PI model

Drive_Cycle_Select = 1; % Drive cycle selection

% Drive cycle values in m/s

if Drive_Cycle_Select == 1

load DriveCycles/UDDS;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 2

load DriveCycles/HWFET;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 3

load DriveCycles/FTP;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 4

load DriveCycles/US06;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 5

load DriveCycles/NEDC;

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 6

load DriveCycles/WLTP;

end

time_end = cyc_time(end);

vel_end = cyc_vel(end);

lets see simulink model of conventional vehicle,

1.9L ADVISOR data base developed by NREL, USA. Transmission shift map and controller taken Matlab/Simulink example database.

developed capability simulate the vehicle different cycles like HWFET, FTP, etc.

"Project1_InitFile.m" Matlab variables required Simulink post-processing. cycle selection also done here. Before running the Simulink vehicle model, this initialization script

The 'Controller' block is the brains of the vehicle, representing the electronic controls units. It is based on the driver inputs, it generates desired engine torque, desired transmission gear and desired brake torque. These inputs are fed to the 'Powertrain' block which represents the drivetrain of the vehicle.

Transmission Control Unit

In this unit we create steadfy flow variable state for controlling of gears of vehicle as in ascending and descending order with respect to time, speed, distance

PowerTrain:

The powertrain encompasses every component that converts the engine's power into movement. This includes the engine, transmission, the driveshaft, differentials, axles; basically anything from the engine through to the rotating wheels.

n this model we used map based model to model the fuel consumption of engine. It is based on maximum Torque and minimum torque from the controller, and then it saturated torque and give output then saturated torque and speed map give fuel consumption takes the speed and torque then the output goes into saturated then its integrated.

In these model we take engine torque, gear selector from controllerb for transmission of gear ratio. The ratio is multiply by transmission input torque and then the transmission efficiency positive torque and negative torque gives transmission input speed. In this case torque converter connects the engine to transmission it is part of transmission. In it basically engine dynamics and that is decoupled.

Differential

In this taking input is the transmission output then its going to the differential ratio multiplied the output and input torque then meet axle torque. The axle torque is a lower than the transmission torque and differential ratio. In this model we take the axle torque from differentail and brake torque from controller, it is substracts and multiplied rolling radius and velocity then we meet the tractive force from axle and brake torque, and the wheelspeed is meet using velocity.

vehicle dynamics:

vehicle dynamics is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses various aspects of vehicle behavior and control. It plays a crucial role in designing, analyzing, and optimizing vehicles for performance, safety, and comfort.

CONCLUSION

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development

% Project 1 - Conventional Vehicle Model

% By - Ullekh Gambhira

% Description:

% The following file is to used with the Initialization file and Simulink

% results for post-processing of the data.

% The file is incomplete, has some examples of how the data is imported

% into a readable format, data analysis and plotting examples.

% Based on the project task, use commands in a similar format as given

% below, to analyse the data and generate required plots.

% You can change variable names if desired

%% Post-Processing File

% File for post-processing the Conventional vehicle simulation model data

%% Renaming variables

Time = out.tout;

Acc_Pdl = out.Acc_Pdl; % Accelerator pedal [%]

Brk_Pdl = out.Brk_Pdl; % Brake pedal [%]

Gear_Cmd = out.Gear_Cmd; % Transmission gear

Trans_In_Spd = out.Trans_In_Spd*30/pi; % Transmission input speed [rpm]

Trans_Out_Spd = out.Trans_Out_Spd*30/pi;% Transmission output speed [rpm]

Eng_Trq = out.Eng_Trq; % Engine brake torque [Nm]

Eng_Spd = out.Eng_Spd*30/pi; % Engine speed [rpm]

Eng_Fuel_Consump = out.Eng_Fuel_Consumption; % Engine fuel consumption [g]

Veh_Dist = out.Veh_Dist/1000; % Distance traveled by vehicle [km]

Veh_Spd = out.Veh_Spd*18/5; % Vehicle speed [kmph]

Wheel_Speed=out.wh_speed;

Eng_Fuel_Rate=out.Eng_Fuel_Rate;

%% Data Analysis

Eng_Pwr = Eng_Spd*pi/30*Eng_Trq/1000; % Engine brake power [kW]

rho_petrol = 0.7197; % Density of petrol [kg/L]

kmpl = Veh_Dist(end)/(Eng_Fuel_Consump(end)/1000/rho_petrol); % Fuel economy [kmpl]

%%Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace transmission IN/OUT and Wheel Speed

figure (1)

hold on

grid on

plot (Time, Trans_In_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

plot (Time, Trans_out_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');

plot (Time, Wheel_Speed, 'linewidth',1, 'color', 'blue')

ylabel('Speed [rpm]')

xlabel('Timem [s]')

xlim([0, Time (end)]);

ylim([0,6000]);

legend('Trans Input', 'Trans Output', 'Wheel Speed');

%%Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace to Engine speed, Engine Torque, Engine Power,

% And Engine fuel rate, Engine fuel consumption

% Data conversion from Double Timeseries

Eng_spd=Eng_Spd.Data(:,1); % engine speed

Eng_trq= Eng_Trq.Data(:,1); % engine torque

Eng_pwr=Eng_Pwr.Data(:,1); % engine power

Eng_fuel_rate=Eng_Fuel_Rate.Data(:,1); % engine fuel rate

Eng_fuel_consumption = Eng_Fuel_Consump.Data(:,1); % engine fuel consumption

Veh_dist= Veh_Dist.Data(:,1); % vehicle distance.

veh_spd=Veh_Spd.Data(:,1); % vehicle speed

% Plotting Engine speed, Engine Torque, Engine Power, Engine fuel rate, Engine fuel consumption wrt

figure (2)

subplot (2,2,1)

plot(Time, Eng trq,'linewidth, 1,'color','black')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Torque [Nm]')

legend('Engine Torque')

grid on

subplot (2,2,2)

plot(Time, Eng_pwr, 'linewidth',1, 'color', 'blue')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Power [KW]')

legend('Engine Power')

grid on

subplot (2,2,3)

plot(Time, Eng_fuel_rate, 'linewidth',1, 'color', 'red')

xlabel( 'Time [s]')

ylabel('Fuel Rate [%]')

legend('Engine Fuel Rate')

grid on

subplot(2,2,4)

plot (Time,Eng_fuel consumption, 'linewidth',1, 'color', 'green')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Fuel Consumption')

legend('Engine Fuel Consumption')

grid on

% Plotting fuel economy Vs Engine Fuel consumption

figure(3)

plot(Eng_fuel_consumption, Eng_fuel_rate, 'color', 'r')

xlabel('Fuel_consumption')

ylabel('Fuel_Rate [%]')

title('Fuel economy Vs Fuel consumption')

grid on

% Potting Accelerator pedal, Brake pedal and gear command with respect to time

figure(4)

subplot (2,1,1)

hold on

plot(Time, Acc_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

plot (Time, Brk_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'color', 'red');

xlabel('Time [s]');

ylabel('Pedal [%]');

xlim([0, Time(end)]);

grid on

legend( 'Accel', 'Brake');

title('Acceleration & Brake Pedal wrt Time')

subplot (2,1,2)

plot(Time, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

xlim([0, Time(end)]);

xlabel('Time [s]');

ylabel('Gear');

grid on

title('Gear command wrt Time')

figure (5)

subplot (2,1,1)

plot (Veh_spd, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'color', 'black');

xlabel('speed [rpm]');

ylabel('Gear');

title('Gear command wrt vehicle speed')

subplot (2,1,2)

plot (Veh_dist, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');

xlabel('Distance [kmpl]');

ylabel('Gear');

grid on

title('Gear command wrt Distance')

%% Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map

figure('Name', 'Engine Operating Points');

hold on

grid on

title('Engine Operating Points', 'fontsize', 12);

pl=plot (Eng_map_spd*30/pi, Eng_max_trq, 'linewidth',2, 'color', 'r');

p2=line([Eng_map_spd (end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd (end) *30/pi], [0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);

set (p2, 'linewidth', 1, 'linestyle','--',' color', 'k');

p3=line([Eng_map_spd (1) 30/pi Eng_map_spd (1)*30/pi], [0 Eng_max_trq (1)]);

set(p3, 'linewidth', 1, 'linestyle', '--', 'color', 'k');

[c,h] = contour (Eng_map_spd '*30/pi, Eng_map_tra, Eng_fuel_map');

clabel (c,h);

xlabel('Engine Speed [rpm]');

ylabel('Engine Torque [Nm]');

title('Engine Fuel Consumption Map [g/s]');

legend ([p1 p3], ['Max Curve', 'Operating Points' });

axis ([Eng_map_spd (1) 30/pi Eng_map_spd (end) *30/pi e Eng_map_trq(end)]);

Project 1

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Ship work like this
in your own course.