Project 1

SOLUTION OF PROJECT

Title: -
Deals with the development of a forward energy-based fuel consumption model of a conventional vehicle.
Aim: - 
1] Build Simulink model using blocks and complete the vehicle model.
2] Writing scripts in MATLAB to load all the variables required for running the Simulink model.
3] Tabulate the fuel economy numbers (kmpl) for UDDS and HWFET cycle. 
4]  Plot the time trace for engine, transmission input, transmission output and wheel speed on one plot.
5] Plot engine torque, engine power, fuel rate and fuel consumption using subplots.
6] Plot accelerator and brake pedal, gear command, vehicle desired and actual speed, vehicle distance using subplots.
7] Plot the engine operating points on the engine fuel map.
8] Generate the plots for both drive cycles.
9]  Study of Conventional vehicle Simulink model and creates graphs.
  THEORY:-
 Forward-Modelling Approach
. The forward modelling approach is also known as cause-effect, engine-to-wheel or rear-to-front method. The direction of calculation is the same as the direction of positive power flow, from engine-to-wheel.
. This approach is based on vehicle dynamics equations and the behavior of each powertrain components and their dynamic interaction.
. Moreover, a driver controller is required to control the vehicle to follow a desired speed and set the start of the calculations. The controller is implemented to model the driver that will either push the accelerator or the brake pedal to match the desired speed which enables to study the driver behavior. The controller is used as part of a feedback loop that will determine the energy required to drive the vehicle.
 Vehicle Energy Consumption Estimation Models
 Energy consumption estimation models can be classified in three main categories:
Analytical models: 
Analytical models are representative of the Vehicle behavior and can be developed in MATLAB/Simulink by creating an vehicle model. They are based on fundamental theoretical equations. A model of the vehicle dynamics is built based on vehicle dynamics theory to calculate the power required at the wheels to overcome the resistances forces opposed to the vehicle motion: Aerodynamic Drag, Rolling, Inertia, Gradient and Transmission resistances. The power required derives from the tractive force expressed as the sum of the resistances forces above
Statistical models:  
Statistical models are built based on real world driving data analysis to derive empirical relationships between the different factors affecting Vehicle’s energy consumption.
Computational models: 
There are mainly two kinds of computational models for energy consumption estimation: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) based model. Clustering based models.
Conventional Vehicle: -
Conventional vehicles use an internal combustion engine fueled by gasoline or diesel to power the wheels. In this the heat engine uses the principle of heat release through combustion of a fuel with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber to create expanding gases which pushes against a piston creating force and torque output.
In this vehicle engine converts chemical energy stored in the fuel into heat which is used to produce useful work. Typically use fossil fuels like petroleum (petrol and diesel).
The most popular type of engine is used in this system is 4 stroke reciprocating engines. Engine in cylinder process can be represented by ideal thermodynamic cycles such as Otto cycle, Diesel cycle. Otto cycle is a ideal cycle that describes the cycle process for spark ignited SI engine. and the Diesel cycle is the ideal cycle that describes the cycle process for a compression ignited CI engine.
System Dynamics: -
It deals with the modeling of multi domain systems through the use of a unified approach based on a ordinary differential and algebraic equation describing the static and dynamic effects.
Each system has been two generalized variables-
1] Efforts: - It is generalized force variable. ex- torque, force, voltage, heating value.
2] Flow: - It is the generalized flow/velocity variable. ex: - velocity, current, mass flow rate.
3] Power: - It is the product of the effort and flow variable. It is interchangeable between energy domains.

Remaining Project solution is attached with word file in which all proper solution and images is attched with proper MATLAB script