Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD
Q.1 Make3D Isometric View of the building with plan and elevation provided.
AIM: To sketch the 3D Isometric View of the building as given in the picture.
INTRODUCTION: A plan view of wall of two elevation views of windows on both sides is provided and they are to be changed into a 3D model. 2 window openings on both sides are provided with details directing the frame dimensions, mullion dimensions and handle height. The thickness of bottom floor and top roof are also provided as 4” and 6” accordingly. The height of floor is provided as 10’. Height of window from the floor is 3’.
PROCEDURE:
Open AutoCAD
In Startup settings initiate from scratch choose Imperial (Feet and Inches)
Open grid and snap settings
- Change snap and grid spacing to 1’.
- Change major line every grid line to 10.
- Turnoff adaptive grid.
Type ‘un’ in command box and thumb enter.
Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’1/16” and insertion scale to inches.
Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D Modeling’.
Step-1 Making layers
Open Layer properties and make latest layers by clicking on latest layer or right click on any layer and choose latest layer to make latest layer.
Layers are generated as follows.
Step-2 Making layers
Interchange the present layer to 3D_Wall
- Make a rectangle of dimensions 10’9”X10’9” at any point on the screen.
- Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 9” as wall thickness.
- Remove the left and bottom lines and extend them to the edges as given in picture.
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Frame
- Sketch the window with dimensions 3'2" at top and 3' on right side as given in picture.
Step-3 Making 3D view
Interchange the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube.
Set UCS as world
- Make the boundaries for the walls using ‘BO’ command
- Expel the boundaries made to total height of 10’10”.
- Choose the whole wall and use group command to group them together.
- Sketch rectangles at both windows and change them to boundaries utilizing boundary command.
- Expel both rectangles sketched to height of 3’4” as given in the picture.
- Sketch rectangles at top of both window openings and change them to boundaries utilizing boundary command.
Type UCS and click on face and choose the face having 3’ wide window
- Sketch a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3’, 4’.
Type UCS and click on face and choose the face having 3’2” wide window
- Sketch a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3’2”,4’
Change the ucs back to world
- Expel the rectangle sketch at top side to top edge of window.
- Group all the wall parts together.
Step-4 Making Elevation Windows
Windows at elevation A
Change the present layer to 3D_Window_Frame
Type UCS and click on face and choose the face having 3’ wide window
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension @3’, 4’.
- Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 3”.
- Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 4”
Initiate the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window frame area and thumb enter
Start SUBTRACT command
- Choose the larger region and then choose the smaller regions to subtract them
Follow the same method for all the three boxes as given in picture.
Change the present layer to 3D_Window_Mulion
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window Mullion area and thumb enter
Start SUBTRACT command
- Choose the larger region and then choose the smaller glass region to subtract
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Glass
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window glass area and thumb enter
All the layers are expelled to provide window projection look as given in picture.
Windows at elevation B
Type UCS and click on face and choose the face having 3’2" wide window
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension @3’2",4’
- Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 3”
- Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 4”
Change the layer for all the boxes accordingly.
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window frame area and thumb enter
Start SUBTRACT command
- Choose the larger region and then choose the smaller regions to subtract them
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Mulion
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window Mullion area and thumb enter
Start SUBTRACT command
Choose the bigger region and then choose the smaller glass region to subtract it.
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Glass
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window glass area and thumb enter
All the layers are expelled to give window projection look as given in picture
Step-5 Making Views
Click on home button of the view cable and zoom for superior view
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view
- Set view name as VIEW 1
- Click on current view and thumb ok
Click on the NE isometric view of the view cube and zoom for superior view
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view
- Set view name as VIEW 2
- Click on current view and thumb ok
Click on the Top view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 3
- Click on current view and thumb ok
RESULT:
Initially all the layers necessary are made with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view is sketch as given in step 2. Then from step 3 the 3D view is made with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for making regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After this view are made for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (View 3), SW isometric (View 1), NE isometric (View 2), Windows.
- All dimensions are in Feet and Inches.
- Text and dimensions are added with respective layers.
- View 1 (SW isometric)
View 2 (NE isometric)
View 3 (top view)
Windows
- Q.2 Make the 3D View of the Building Façade as given in the plan and elevation. Also, see the detail of the window.
AIM: To sketch the 3D Building Façade as given in the plan and elevation.
INTRODUCTION: A plan view of wall and two elevation views, one is of a window details and second is of floor level elevations are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. One window opening on front side is given with details regarding the frame dimensions, two mullion dimensions. The height of floor is given as 9’11”. Four floor building with similar dimension is made in 3D view. Height of window from the floor level of each floor is given as 4’6”.
PROCEDURE:
Open AutoCAD
In Startup settings start from scratch choose Imperial (Feet and Inches)
Open grid and snap settings.
- Change snap and grid spacing to 1’.
- Change major line every grid line to 10.
- Turnoff adaptive grid.
Type ‘un’ in command box and thumb enter
Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’1/16” and insertion scale to inches
Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D Modeling’
Step-1 Making layers
Open Layer properties and make latest layers by clicking on latest layer or right click on any layer and choose latest layer to make latest layer.
Layers are generated as follows.
Step-2 Making 2D plan view
- Make a rectangle of dimensions 6’9”X10’9” at any point on the screen.
- Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 9” as wall thickness.
- Explode the rectangles sketch.
- Remove the top line and extend them to the edges.
Change the current layer 3D_Window_Frame
- Make the window opening of dimensions 3’ wide as given in picture.
- Add dimensions are sketch using dimension layer.
Step-3 Making 3D view
Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube
Set UCS as world
Set the view style control as REALISTIC
- Make the boundaries for the walls using ‘BO’ command.
- Expel the boundaries made to total height of 10’10”.
- Choose the entire wall and use group command to group then together.
- Remove the window lines.
- Make a boundary region over the window lines.
- Expel the boundary to a height of 4’6”.
- Sketch a rectangle on top of the window opening using rectangle command.
- Change the rectangle into a region.
- Expel the region to distance of 1’3” to below and then window opening is generated as given in picture.
Step-4 Making elevation windows
4’ Wide window
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Frame
Type UCS and click on face and choose the face having 3’ wide window
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension @3’, 4’.
- Offset the rectangle to inside to distance of 2”.
- Offset the offset rectangle to inside to distance of 3”.
- Sketch center line connecting midpoints.
- Offset the lines to both sides to a distance of 3”.
- Trim all the unwanted edges.
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window frame area and thumb enter.
Start SUBTRACT command
- Choose the bigger region and then choose the smaller regions to subtract them.
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Mulion
Start the boundary command and click on pick points
- Click inside the window Mullion area and thumb enter.
Start SUBTRACT command
- Choose the bigger region and then choose the smaller glass region to subtract it.
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Glass
Change the current layer to 3D_Window_Glass
- Click inside the window glass area and thumb enter
All the layers are expelled to give window projection look as given in picture.
Step-5 Making elevation view
The windows made in step 4 are placed at its positions
- Group all the items to make the elevation view
- Copy the block having 4’ height window and place it 3 times as given in picture
- Make the top part of the sketching using 4” wall with height 6’5” from top
- Make a boundary for the wall
- Expel the boundary to 9” as given in elevation
Step-6 Making View
Click on home button of the view cable and zoom for superior view
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view
- Set view name as VIEW 1
- Click on current view and thumb ok
Click on the Front view of the view cube and zoom for superior view
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view
- Set view name as VIEW 2
- Click on current view and thumb ok
Click on the Top view of the view cube and zoom for superior view
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view
- Set view name as VIEW 3
- Click on current view and thumb ok
RESULT:
Initially all the layers necessary are made with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view is sketch as given in step 2. Then from step 3 the 3D view is made with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for making regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After this views are made for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (View 3), SW isometric (View 1), NE isometric (View 2), Windows.
- All dimensions are in Feet and Inches
- Text and dimensions are added with respective layers
- View 1 (SW isometric)
- View 2 (Front view)
- View 3 (top view)
Windows
Q.3 Make the isometric 3d view of a stair with railing as given in the plan and elevation. Assume the size of the balustrades and the hand rails.
AIM: To sketch the 3D view of a stair with railing as given in the plan and elevation.
INTRODUCTION: A plan view and elevation view of stair case are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. Plan view consists of number of stairs in the staircase and their horizontal dimensions of stair case. Elevation view consists of staircase side view and vertical dimensions of staircase and stair case components such height of hand rails and their spacing in the landing. Thickness of stair slab is given as the box some other components of the stair re told to be assumed. The assume dimensions are as follows.
- Dimension of vertical rails is 1” diameter.
- A dimension of hand rails is 2” diameter.
PROCEDURE:
Open AutoCAD
In Startup settings start from scratch choose Imperial (Feet and Inches)
Open grid and snap settings
- Change snap and grid spacing to 1’.
- Change major line every grid line to 10.
- Turnoff adaptive grid.
Type ‘un’ in command box and thumb enter.
Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 1’1/16” and insertion scale to inches.
Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D Modeling’.
Step-1 Making layers
Open Layer properties and make layers by clicking on latest layer or right click on any layer and choose latest layer to make latest layer.
Layers are made as follows.
Step-2 Making 2D Plan View of Staircase
Change the current layer to stairs
- Sketch a rectangle of dimensions 3’X12’.
- Explode the rectangle.
- Offset the side edges to inside to a distance of 1”.
- Offset the bottom edge to upside 12 times to a distance of 1’ as given in picture.
Step-3 Making side views
Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube and chance the view to right view.
Set UCS as Right.
- Start line command and sketch a vertical line of length 6”.
- Sketch a horizontal line of length 1’.
- Repeat the same process for 12 times to sketch 12 steps.
- After reaching 12 steps sketch a landing of length of 3’.
- Sketch a line of 1’ at the bottom step.
- Sketch a line of 6” at the top right edge of landing.
- Sketch a line of 1’6” backwards.
- Sketch a slab joining the lines.
Step-4 Making 3D view
Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube.
Set UCS as world.
Set the view style control as REALISTIC.
- Make a region from the side view of the stairs.
- Expel the side view to a distance of 3’ as given in picture.
Hand Rails
Change the current layer to Stair handrails
- Sketch circle of diameter 1” with 2” offset from the top right edges of the first thread of staircase.
- Change the circle into a region.
- Expel the region to a height of 3’ as given in the picture.
Change the current layer to Stair_handrails_Stand
- Sketch a handrail stand at the bottom with dimension 2” and Expel as given in picture.
- Using copy command copy all the hand rail components on all stairs with same offset as given in picture.
- Copy the same to the other side as given in picture.
Change the current layer to stair handrails
- Sketch a polyline connecting all the top edges of hand rails.
- Change the UCS to front.
- Sketch a circle of diameter 2” on top of the first hand rail.
- Make a region of the circle sketch.
Start Sweep command
- Choose the circle as object to sweep.
- Choose the poly line sketch as path of sweep as given in picture.
- Copy the same to the other side.
Step-5 Making Views
Click on the Top view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 1.
- Click on current view and thumb ok
Click on the Right view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 2.
- Click on current view and thumb ok.
Click on home button of the view cable and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 3.
- Click on current view and thumb ok.
Click on the Front view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 4.
- Click on current view and thumb ok.
RESULT:
Initially all the layers necessary are made with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view and side elevation view are sketch as given in step 2 and 3 respectively. Then in step 4the 3D view is made with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for making regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After this views are made for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (View 1), SW isometric (View 3), Side View (View 2), Front View (View 4).
- All dimensions are in Feet and Inches.
- Text and dimensions are added with respective layers.
- View 1 (top view)
- View 2 (right side view)
3. View 3 (SW isometric)
4. View 4 (Front view)
Q.4 Make the 3D view of a Wall with spread footing. Make the Door opening only. Assume the size of the parapet and the coping. See the plans and elevation for the details. Also, make a rendered view of the model with materials as of your choice.
Plan
Section of wall footing
AIM: To sketch the 3D view of a Wall with spread footing as given in the plan and elevation.
INTRODUCTION: A plan view and elevation view of a wall with spread footing under it are given and they are to be converted into a 3D model. Spread footing is a type of footing which goes all along the length of the wall in a building. It is used as shallow footing type. Plan view consists of horizontal dimensions of footing and the wall. Elevation view consists of vertical dimensions of different levels of footing, height of 230mm thickness wall. Some other components of the footing are told to be assumed. The assume dimensions are as follows.
- Thickness of wall is assumed as 230mm.
- Thickness of level 1 of footing is same as wall thickness i.e., 230mm.
- Coping thickness of level 2 is offset of 50mm than the thickness of wall.
- Thickness of level 3 is offset of 50mm than the thickness of level 2.
- Thickness of level 4 is offset of 120mm than the thickness of level 3.
PROCEDURE:
Open AutoCAD
In Startup settings start from scratch choose Metric (Meters and mm)
Open grid and snap settings.
- Change snap and grid spacing to 100.
- Change major line every grid line to 10.
- Turnoff adaptive grid.
Type ‘un’ in command box and thumb enter.
Change units’ type to decimal and precision to 0.00 and insertion scale to inches.
Change the workspace setting of AutoCAD from ‘drafting and annotation’ to ‘3D Modeling’.
Step-1 Making layers
Open Layer properties and make latest layers by clicking on latest layer or right click on any layer and choose latest layer to make latest layer.
Layers are made as follows.
Step-2 Making 2D plan view of wall spread footing
Change the current layer to wall
- Sketch a rectangle of dimensions 670X7500.
- Offset the rectangle to inside to a distance of 120mm.
- Offset the offset rectangle inside to distance of 50mm twice.
- Explode the entire offset rectangle.
- Remove the top and bottom edges of the exploded rectangles.
- Extend the entire rectangle to top and bottom edges of outer rectangle.
- At the end choose the individual lines and change their layers respectively.
Making door block
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension 50X100mm.
- Sketch another rectangle with dimensions of 50X50mm.
- Sketch a line of length 850mm from the edge.
- Sketch an arc line of the door swing.
- Convert the door into block.
- Edit the block and add flip parameters.
- Make the door opening of 900mm at the middle.
- Add the door block by rotating the door.
- Add the door shade using respective layer.
Step-3 Making Elevation view
Click on the Front view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Change the ucs to front.
Change the current layer to G.L.
- Sketch a line of certain length.
- Offset the line to bottom 25mm.
- Offset the last offset line bottom to distance of 100mm
Change the current layer to Wall
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension 230X 3300 from the top left edge of Ground level.
Change the current layer to roof level.
- Sketch roof of thickness 150mm as given in picture.
- Sketch a Parapet wall of height 600mm as given in picture.
Footing layers
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension 230X600, below the floor level as given in picture.
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension 330X400, below the first level as given in picture.
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension 430X400, below the second level as given in picture
Change the current layer to Footing.
- Sketch a rectangle of dimension 670X300, below the third level as given in picture.
Trim the unwanted edges
Door
Change the current layer to door
- Sketch a line along the length of the door of 230mm at the ground level.
- Offset the line to below to distance of 50mm below the ground level.
- Offset the line to distance of 2100 to above.
Change the current layer to Door Shade.
- Sketch the door shade as given in picture.
The end result of this step is as follows.
Step-4 Sketching 3D View of section
- For making the 3D view initially boundaries are made.
- Each boundary is made with its respective layer as current layer as given in the following picture.
Extruding
- The made boundaries are to be expelled to a distance of 7500mm.
- Choose the boundaries by changing their respective current layer.
- Door opening is added by sketching a rectangle at the door location from the plan view.
- Then from the Expelled part the door region is subtracted from the wall using SUBTRACT command.
- Similarly, door shade is made with the opening above.
- After door shade remaining layer is expelled as given in picture.
Step-6 Rendering
Rendering is done by adding materials the 3D view
- Material Browser is used for adding materials to objects.
- The materials added for the components from the material browser are given below.
- Box mapping is done to balance the texture of the wall.
Lights
- Torch light is placed in front of the door at certain distance with fall off angle as 50 and Hotspot angle as 80 as given in picture.
- Distant light is also utilized.
Step-7 Making Views
Click on the Top view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latestview.
- Set view name as VIEW 1.
- Click on current view and thumb ok
Click on the Front view of the view cube and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latestview.
- Set view name as VIEW 2.
- Click on current view and thumb ok.
Click on home button of the view coble and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 3.
- Click on current view and thumb ok.
Click on home button of the view coble and zoom for superior view.
Go to visuvilise tab and click on latest view.
- Set view name as VIEW 4.
- Click on current view and thumb ok.
Go to visuvilise and click on add camera.
- Make a circle at required distance and turn it into a region.
- Expel the region to a height of 1800mm.
- Click on add camera.
- Set name as cam 1.
- Set intensity as 1500.
- Set aim such that entire wall section is detectable.
RESULT:
Initially all the layers necessary are made with respective line types and line weights. Then plan view and elevation view is sketch as given in step 2 and 3 respectively. Then in step 4 the 3D view is made with respective layers assigned. The UCS view is changed accordingly to make changes to the 3D view and 3D dimensions. Boundary command is used for making regions along the boundaries and extruding them. After extrusion and door area subtraction is completed door is added and expelled. After 3D view completion Material Browser is used to add materials to the components. Then rendering is checked with various materials for superior view. Final rendering is done in step 6 including the creation of lights. Box Mapping is used to adjust the tiles and texture of render. After this views are made for showing result. The result consists of different views of the 3D model such as top view (View 1), SW isometric (View 3), Side View (View 2), Cam1 view (Front door View).
- All dimensions are in millimeters.
- Text and dimensions are added with respective layers.
- View 1 (top view)
2.View 2 (Right Side View)
3. View 3(SW isometric)
4. Cam1 view(Front Door View)
5. Rendered View