Creation of geometries by Coordinate system methods using AutoCad

Aim-

• Generate the geometries from P1 to P2 utilizing all the coordinates system procedures. And we require utilizing line tool, and searching missing dimensions.
• Civil related problem- Draw the profile and the trusses utilizing any coordinate system methods. The dimensions are there for references.

Introduction-

Before going to the drawing, we should know about the coordinate system:

In AutoCAD, there are two coordinate system, i.e., Cartesian and polar. To these coordinate systems, the absolute and relative coordinate of AutoCAD are relevant.

Coordinate systems: Coordinate system is a system where numbers are utilized to decide the specific position of points and /or other geometric elements. Also coordinates in AutoCAD can be set by mouse, input (setting) the values of coordinates in the command line and enter coordinates utilizing dynamic input.

There are three types of coordinate systems. They are:

1. Absolute coordinate systems
2. Relative coordinate systems
3. Relative rectangular coordinates
4. Relative polar coordinates
5. Direct distance entry
6. Absolute coordinate system: In this system, all points are accepted at some distance in the x & y axis (sometimes z-axis) from a common origin (rottenly 0,0)
7. Relative coordinate system: The location of a Relative coordinate is determined by its distance from a reference point. In AutoCAD, when utilizing this system the first point of the drawing/ geometry is every time absolute, i.e., it is accepted with respect to origin (0, 0), and then all the successive positions are accepted with respect to their earlier point. This system is additionally grouped as
8. Relative rectangular coordinates: It is a coordinate system that determines each point by a pair of numerical coordinate in the x-axis and y-axis. In this system, the points succeeding the first point are typed in as ‘@ x, y’ in the command line.
9. Relative polar coordinates- This system determines the distance (length) and angle of a specific point with respect to its earlier point. In the relative polar coordinate system, points are accepted by typing @distance
10. Direct distance entry method- It is one more popular procedure utilized for drawing different shapes/geometries in AutoCAD. The direct distance entry procedure allows the user to draw an object by simply pointing the cursor in the wanted direction and entering the needed distance in the command line.

Command used-

1. LINE command
2. Dim linear command
3. Text command
4. CIRCLE command

Procedure-

Starting AutoCAD software

• Go to start menu, select AutoCAD 2022.
• Click on start drawing
• In the command line type in : STARTUP [ENTER]
• Enter the new values of startup: 1
• Go to application menu and select new
• In the ‘Create New Drawing’ dialog box, select the ‘Imperial system in the ‘Start from scratch’ option.
• Next Choose the ‘Decimal unit system from the ‘Advanced Setup’ option.
• Set the limits by entering LIMITS in the Command tab. The lower-left corner is identified as 0, 0, and upper-right corner is identified as 100,100.

[Note: The above method is followed each time a new drawing is to be generated.]

• To generate the geometries from P1 to P2 utilizing all the coordinates system procedure:

1. Drafting the geometry for P1 by utilizing all coordinates system procedures-

a) Absolute coordinate system:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1.
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as 8, 1.
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as 8, 2.
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as 3, 2.
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as 3, 6.
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as 8, 6.
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 8, 7.
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as 2, 7.
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.

b)Relative Rectangular Coordinate System-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.

2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1

3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @6,0

4.Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,1

5.Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @-5,0

6.Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4

7.Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @5,0

8.Define the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,1

9.Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @-6,0

10.Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.

c)Relative Polar Coordinate System:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @6<0
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @1<90
5. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @5<180
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @5<0
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as @1<90
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @6<180
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.

d) Direct distance entry method:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1 in the command line
3. Enter the length of point 2 as 6 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
4. Enter the length of point 3 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
5. Enter the length of point 4 as 5 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
6. Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
7. Enter the length of point 6 as 5 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
8. Enter the length of point 7 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
9. Enter the length of point 8 as 6 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.

Result-

Drafting the geometry for P2 by using all Coordinates System methods:

a)Absolute coordinate system:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as 5, 1
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as 5, 5
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as 6, 5
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as 6, 1
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as 9, 1
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 7, 8
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as 4, 8
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.b)Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Specify the next coordinate of point 2 as @3,0
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,4
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @1,0
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-4
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as @-2,7
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @-3,0
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.c)Relative Polar Coordinate system:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @3<0
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @4<90
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @1<90
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<270
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @3<0
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as @7<106
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<180
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.

d)Direct distance entry method:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1 in the command line
3. Enter the length of point 2 as 3 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
4. Enter the length of point 3 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
5. Enter the length of point 4 as 1 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
6. Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis
7. Enter the length of point 6 as 3 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis
8. Enter the length of point 7 as 7 in the command line at angle of <106 from the +ve x-axis while keeping polar tracking on.
9. Enter the length of point 8 as 3 in the command line towards the -ve x-axis
10. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line.

Result-

• Drafting the geometry of P4 by using Absolute Coordinate System:
• 

Steps-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as 3, 1
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as 3, 5
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as 5, 3
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as 7, 5
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as 7, 1
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 8, 1
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as 8, 8
10. Define the next coordinate of point 9 as 7, 8
11. Define the next coordinate of point 10 as 5, 5
12. Define the next coordinate of point 11 as 3, 8
13. Define the next coordinate of point 12 as 2, 8
14. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line

Result-

1. Drafting the geometry for P5 by using Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

Steps-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @1,0
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,7
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @5,0
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,-6
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @-3,0
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,-1
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @4,0
10. Define the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,8
11. Define the next coordinate of point 10 as @-7,0
12. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line

Result-

1. Drafting the geometry for P7 by using Absolute Coordinate System:

Steps-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as 10,1
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as 10,7
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as 2,7
6. Click ‘Close’ on the command line
7. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
8. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as 3,2
9. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as 5,2
10. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 5,5
11. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as 3,5
12. Click ‘Close’ on the command line
13. Choose t the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab
14. Define the next coordinate of point 9 as 6,2
15. Define the next coordinate of point 10 as 8,2
16. Define the next coordinate of point 11 as 8,5
17. Define the next coordinate of point 12 as 6,5
18. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line

Result-

1. Drafting the geometry for P8 by using Relative Rectangular Coordinate System:

Steps-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0, 0
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @10,0
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @0,2
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @-4,0
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @0,4
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @3,0
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as @0,2
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @-8,0
10. Define the next coordinate of point 9 as @0,-2
11. Define the next coordinate of point 10 as @3,0
12. Define the next coordinate of point 11 as @0,-4
13. Define the next coordinate of point 12 as @-4,0
14. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line

Result-

• Drafting the geometry for P9 by using Absolute Coordinate System:

Steps-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as 6, 1
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as 6, 3
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as 3, 3
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as 3, 2
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as 2, 2
8. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 2, 4
9. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as 5, 4
10. Define the next coordinate of point 9 as 5, 6
11. Define the next coordinate of point 10 as 1, 8
12. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line

Result-

• Drafting the geometry for P10 by using Relative Polar Coordinate System:

Steps:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @2<0
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @3<90
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @3<0
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<90
7. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as @5<180
8. Click ‘Close’ on the command line
9. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 2,5
10. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as @3<0
11. Define the next coordinate of point 9 as @2<90
12. Define the next coordinate of point 10 as @3<180
13. Then for the last point, click ‘Close’ on the Command Line

Result-

• Draw the profile and the trusses using any coordinate system methods. The dimensions are there for references.

1. Drafting the wood profile as shown in the given picture:

Steps for creating the wood profile by using direct distance entry method:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 0, 0 in the command line.
3. Enter the length of point 2 as 10 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
4. Enter the length of point 3 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis.
5. Enter the length of point 4 as 2 in the command line towards the –ve x-axis.
6. Enter the length of point 5 as 4 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
7. Enter the length of point 6 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
8. Enter the length of point 7 as 1 in the command line towards the +ve y-axis.
9. Enter the length of point 7 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of < 149.036 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on
10. Enter the length of point 8 as 5.831 in the command line at an angle of < 210.964 from +ve x-direction while keeping polar tracking on
11. Enter the length of point 9 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
12. Enter the length of point 10 as 5 in the command line towards the -ve y-axis.
13. Enter the length of point 11 as 2 in the command line towards the +ve x-axis.
14. Click close on the command line
15. Choose the Circle tool by entering the ‘Circle’ command in the command tab
16. Define center point of the circle as 5,4
17. Define radius of the circle as 2

Result-

1. Drafting the Queen post truss as appeared in the given image:

Steps for generating the Queen Post Truss utilizing Relative Polar Coordinates System:

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @4<90
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @5<45
5. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @<315
6. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @4<270
7. Press ‘Esc’ to cancel the Line Command
8. Choose the line tool again from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘Line’ command in the command tab.
9. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1, 5
10. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @1<0
11. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @2.5355<0
12. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @2.5355<0
13. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @1<0
14. Press ‘Esc’ to cancel the Line Command
15. Choose the line tool again from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘Line’ command in the command tab.
16. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 2, 5
17. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as @1<90
18. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as @2.7256<338
19. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as @2.7256<22
20. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as @1<270
21. Press ‘Esc’ to cancel the Line Command
22. Choose the line tool again from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘Line’ command in the command tab.
23. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 4.5, 5
24. Define the starting coordinate of point 2 as @3.53571<90
25. Press ‘Esc’ to cancel the Line Command

Result-

• Drafting the Mono Pitch as shown in the given image:

Steps-

1. Choose the line tool from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘LINE’ command in the command tab.
2. Define the starting coordinate of point 1 as 1, 1
3. Define the next coordinate of point 2 as 7, 1
4. Define the next coordinate of point 3 as 7, 3
5. Click ‘Close on the command line
6. Choose the line tool again from the ribbon tab or by entering the ‘Line’ command in the command tab
7. Define the next coordinate of point 4 as 3, 1
8. Define the next coordinate of point 5 as 3, 1.667
9. Define the next coordinate of point 6 as 5, 1
10. Define the next coordinate of point 7 as 5, 2.333
11. Define the next coordinate of point 8 as 7, 1
12. Press ‘Esc’ to cancel the Line Command

Result-