Boeing-747 _ Final_Project

PROJECT REPORT OF BOEING 747-8 IN SOLIDWORKS 

AIM:- To model Boeing 747-8 Using solid works software.

INTRODUCTION:-

This project presents a modeling of Boeing 747 of work done by Govind Mishra. This project cover a wide variety of procedure to design the parts of Boeing and used the different commands to make the model. We created blueprints because we were making the same choice over and over again while making drawings combination of soiled modelling and surface modelling. So by capturing these preferences, we can create better drawings and faster.

The basic components which we learnt in Boeing 747 airplane and each has its own specific purpose::-

1. Fuselage
2. Cockpit window
3. Windshield wipers
4. Pitot tube
5. Window, Door & Hatches
6. Wings
7. Lights and antennas
8. Ailerons
9. Flaps
10. Winglet
11. Auxiliary power unit
12. Slats
13. Spoilers
14. Tail(Empennage)
15. Horizontal Stabilizer and Elevator
16. Vertical Stabilizer and Rudder
17. Engine
18. Landing Gear (Nose & Main Gear)

 OBJECTIVE:-

1. Modeling of all the parts of Boeing 747 and assemble the parts of yacht.
2. To get the knowledge about concept of solid and surface modeling.
3. To get the knowledge about with the help of blueprint sketch we design all the parts of Boeing 747-8.

Design Process:-

Part modelling of design

Concept of Design

Fuselage Cockpit window Windshield wipers Pitot tube Window, Door & Hatches Wings Lights and antennas Ailerons Flaps Winglet Auxiliary power unit Slats Spoilers Tail(Empennage) Horizontal Stabilizer and Elevator Vertical Stabilizer and Rudder Engine Landing Gear (Nose & Main Gear)

Assembly of parts modelling

Rendering

There are following features and tools are used in the entire model to design different parts:-

Features   

1. Extrude boss: - The most basic feature from SOLIDWORKS is extrude boss. This feature needs a complete 2D sketch to convert 2D sketch into a solid body. When we exit the fully defined sketch we get boss extrude Option and a property manager window pop-up.
2. Fillet: - When we draw a solid part it is having some sharp edges. To give the roundness to those edges we add fillets.
3. Revolve boss feature: - This feature works around an axis, by selecting axis of a sketch it adds a round material by revolving around that axis.
4. Extrude cut: - As the name implies, it cuts the geometry which we don’t need from the part or it can be used to give the desired shape to the sketch or solid part.
5. Shell: - It is very handy tool in SOLIDWORKS. It gives some sort of idea that how inside geometry of a part will appear. In this tool we give inside thickness to the geometry and material removed from the body and it becomes hollow.
6. Linear pattern: - Linear pattern is used to create single sketch to use multiple times.
7. Mirror: - This feature creates copy of solid part. When this feature is applied it need plane or axis to mirror.
8. Reference geometry: - It defines the shape or form of a surface or a solid.
9. Projected curve: - The curve can be project by a sketch into a model to create a 3D curve. We can create multiple closed or open contour projected curves from a single sketch.
10. Knit: - Use of knit surface tool to combine two or more faces and surfaces into one. It create a solid body when the knit surfaces form a closed volume or leave as a surface body.
11. Mate: - Mate creates geometric relationship between assembly and component. When we add mates, it defines the allowable direction of linear or rotational motion of component within its degree of freedom, visualizing the assembly’s behavior.

Sketch Entity

 

1. Line:-  

2. Arc:- 

•  Rectangle:-   

4. Circle :-
5. Convert entities: - The Convert Entities tool allows users to make a copied projection of a given sketch, face, or set of edges onto the active sketch plane.

6. Slot :-  

7. Spline:- 

8. Fillet :-

9. Chamfer:-

3D sketch tools

 

Text :-

Split line: - The Split Line tool projects an entity (sketch, solid, surface, face, plane, or surface spline) to surfaces, or curved or planar faces. It divides a selected face into multiple separate faces. We can split curves on multiple bodies with one command.

Projected curve: - The curve can be project by a sketch into a model to create a 3D curve. We can create multiple closed or open contour projected curves from a single sketch.

Surface Modelling command: - Surface Modelling is the method of showing or presenting solid objects. The process requires you to convert between different 3D modelling types, such as converting the 3D object to show procedural surfaces, validate imperfections, and apply smoothness. Some features are same work as solid modelling like extrude, revolve, loft and sweep command. But some different features to use for surface modelling.

1. Offset surface: - The offset surface tool is useful way of creating a series of deposit or erosion contact surfaces from a reference mesh. The surface can be offset from the reference mesh by points or by a fixed distance, and additional options for offsetting to points can be adjusted once the surface has been created.

3. Delete face: - Remove geometry from a part. Remove geometry from a part. Select whether to heal the surrounding faces (by extending until they intersect), cap the void, or leave the void open.

4. Knit surface: - Use of knit surface tool to combine two or more faces and surfaces into one. It create a solid body when the knit surfaces form a closed volume or leave as a surface body.

 

Setup of blue print:-  

In this project I have to use reference of blueprints for solid modeling and surface modeling of Boeing 747-8. The reason behind the use of reference of blueprints for accuracy of sketching and modeling. The setup of blueprint as shown in fig.

Let us see the Components of the Boeing 747-8 that we have built. We are going to discuss part by part as shown in the flowchart.

FUSELAGE: The plane's body, or fuselage, holds the aircraft together, with pilots sitting at the front of the fuselage, passengers and cargo in the back.

Design Method

• Reference plane is created for loft.
• Sketching with required dimension for Loft feature.
• Applied loft feature and got the fuselage.
• Desired appearance applied on the fuselage.  

COCKPIT: The cockpit is the area at the front of the fuselage from which a pilot operates the plane. The cockpit contains the- Instrument panel •Flight controls •Rudder pedals •Overhead panel •Side consoles. 

WINGS: An aircraft's wings are critical to flight through the production of lift, but they have many parts of the wing to control this lift amount and direction.

Design Method

• Firstly open the blue print setup which we have discuses earlier.
• Sketching is done on two different planes and then project curve command from curve operation is done to create the curve.
• Now loft surface is used to create the surface of the Wings.
• We created the half portion of the wing and then remaining half portion of the wings is created with the help of mirror command.
• In the end individually we have to apply desired appearances on the parts, surface, body and face.

AILERONS: Ailerons are one of the three primary control surfaces that control a plane and are located on the trailing edge of the wing to help control the roll of a plane.

SLATS: Slats are similar to flaps, only located at the front of the wing and change a wing's shape temporarily to increase lift.

FLAPS: Flaps, like ailerons, are located on the trailing edge of the wing. Unlike ailerons, the flaps move symmetrically on each side and create more lift and drag. 

WINGLET: On an airliner, the tip of the wing is bent up. This is known as a winglet. Winglets were created to reduce Induced drag.

SPOILERS: Spoilers are used to help the aircraft doscend and reduces the lift component of an airfol. This allows the plane to descend and lose altitude without gaining airspeed.

Design method

• With the help of blueprint we have to done sketching parts of ailerons, Flaps, Spoilers and Winglet.
• Then apply solid as well as surface features like extrude boss, extrude cut, fillet and offset surface command.
• Lastly applied appearances as per desired look.

TAIL (EMPENNAGE): An aircraft's tail is mainly used for stability, as well as creating lift in combination with the wings. It's comprised of several parts.

HORIZONTAL STABILIZER AND ELEVATOR: The horizontal stabilizer keeps the airplane's nose from moving up and down (pitch).

VERTICAL STABILIZER AND RUDDER: The vertical stabilizer allows the airplane to weathervane into the relative wind. This helps prevent the side-to-side motion of the aircraft's nose.

Design method

• For creating tail parts likes' vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, and auxiliary power unit draw projected curve sketch on different planes with the help of blue print.
• Applied the loft feature to get the desired shape of horizontal and vertical stabilizer.
• For accuracy of shape we applied fillet command. And also same process repeat on tail to get the flaps, ailerons, spoilers etc.
• Lastly applied appearance for desired look to want.

ENGINE: The engine(s), or power plant, of an aircraft creates thrust needed for the plane to fly. Generally speaking, there are two types of aircraft engines, reciprocating and turbine. With reciprocating engines, air flows into the engine, is compressed and mixed with fuel and an electric spark to combust, with exhaust gases leaving the back of the engine through the manifold. The engine spins the propeller which then creates thrust to move the plane forward. An aircraft's propeller(s) are airfoils, similar to a wing, installed vertically to create thrust to drive the plane forward. Attached to the engine, they spin quickly, creating lift from the pressure difference they create, only instead of this lift causing the plane to move upwards, it drives the plane forward creating thrust. This thrust and forward motion in turn causes air to pass over the wings, creating the vertical lift.

Design Method 

• We have different blueprint for creating engine firstly we create engine separately and then assemble
• With the help of blueprint we draw a sketch and then applied revolve feature to get the outer shape of engine.  
• And also applied extrude cut feature for propeller 
• For propeller sketching with required dimension for revolve feature.
• Reference plane is created for loft.
• Fillet are applied on the blade which is created by using loft feature.
• Now apply circular pattern and propeller is ready.
• Desired appearance applied on the blade and engine.               

LANDING GEAR: Landing gear is located under the belly of the plane consisting of a wheel and strut to soften impact with the ground and may be retractable into the fuselage. Tricycle type wheels are common for general aviation with one wheel at the front and two behind or the reverse for tail wheels with two wheels at the front of the plane and one under the tail.

Design Method

• For getting Nose gear and Main gear also create separateily and then assemble. Because it is made of several parts of components. 
• Starting to sketch with required dimension is done. After that apply feature command i.e. extrude boss and revolve boss is used to create solid body.
• Appropriate fillet are applied to give the desired shape.
• Create a bolt on solid model and circular driven pattern is applied to minimize the time.
• Create a ring on base and applied sketch driven pattern.
• For creating suspension system applied revolved command. 
• Fillet are applied to remove the access material.
• After create the solid body we used combine command for singe component.
• As we know wheel part is symmetric so I created half of the section of gear and then applied mirror command for create remaining half of the part by using appropriate plane.
• Assemble all parts of gear like suspension arm, base gear, nose gear, wheel in assembly.
• Majority of the parts of boeing747-8 is done with the help of solid modeling.
• In the end we applied desired appearances.

 Assembly of the Boeing747-8: - All the parts were modelled and were imported to assemble them. In assembly mate feature is most commonly used to locate and relate the parts with one another. Fuselage is main and major component which is inserted first and then fixed. The other components were inserted one by one and apply mates.

Rendering:- The term rendering comes from the graphic world where a rendering is an artistic drawing of what a new structure would look like. In Computer Aided Design (CAD), a rendering is a particular view of a realistic image. By doing rendering of Boeing we get the idea that how it will look into the environment. This rendering is done in the SOLIDWORK Visualize software. By using PHOTOVIEW 360 we can add various camera views to the model, we can set various angles, direction, and can set appropriate distance to get the perfect camera view. In rendering we change color of Boeing parts, background images, brightness, rotation and various setting of Boeing 747-8. Including the resolution and setting number of passes we get more detail visuals of Boeing.

Conclusion

• I have built my Surface as well as Solid Modeling skills.