Modelling of Aston Martin ONE-77 using Solidworks
ASTON MARTIN
Objective
To model Aston Martin car model by parts, assemble it and make a photorealistic rendering of the model using solidworks.
Methodology
Types Of Commands
Sketch: Create the 2D or 3D sketches and dimension and apply geometrical relations.
Features: Select the appropriate features such as revolve, extrudes and fillets, determine features to apply.
Surfaces: Surfaces are formed by applying various surface features like extrude thin.
Assembly: Select the components to mate and apply the mates.
Sketch Creating a model begins with a sketch. Based on the sketch, we can create features. We can add delete or combine one or more features to make a part. Then, we can mate the appropriate parts to create an assembly. From the parts or assemblies complete drawings are created.
3-D sketch When sketching in 3D, we can snap to directions X, Y, and Z, and constraints are applied Along X, Y, Z respectively. When sketching on a plane, we can snap to the horizontal or vertical directions in the plane, and constraints are applied to the Horizontal and the Vertical.
1.Sketch Commands
Smart Dimension - Creates a geometrical dimension for any selected sketch entity.
Point – It is a 1D element, it inserts a point or vertex into a sketch entity. This cannot be deleted if it is part of sketch endpoint or centre point.
Line - Line is one of the first sketching tools, lines can be drawn horizontally, vertically or at any angle. It plays very important role to complete the 2D drawing of the product or part and very easy to utilize its features.
Circle - The circle enables to create the circular drawing on the graphics area. There are two circle tools are available and they are “Centre circle” and “Perimeter circle”.
Rectangle - Sketches rectangles or square with a centre point at a selected angle there are rectangles like centered rectangle, corner rectangle. Parallelogram sketches a standard parallelogram.
Spline – splines can be created with number of midpoints depending upon the complexity of the curve. A 2or 3 dimensional curves defined by a set of control points. Points within a spline can be added or deleted.
Sketch Fillet - A tangent arc in between two sketch entities can be created with a radius.
Text - It can be used to write the text necessary wherever required either it’s a plane or face of a model.
Convert Entities - Copy a sketch entity on plane, it must have an original sketch entity already drawn and selected to use this tool.
Offset Entities – Creates a sketch entity to a specified distance from the original entity. Must have an original sketch entity already drawn and selected to use this tool.
Sketch Picture - Insert an image file into the background of a sketch. This allows the user to 2D sketches based on the image. Use the sketch picture property manager to alter the inserted image.
2.Features
Some sketch-based features are shapes such as extrude, extrude-cut and holes. Other sketch-based features such as lofts and sweeps use a profile along a path. Applied features include fillets, chamfers, or shells they are applied to existing geometry using dimensions and other characteristics to create the feature. Then we add applied features. It is possible to create a part without sketch-based features.
Feature Commands
Extruded Boss/Base - An Extruded Boss/Base feature will allow us to take a 2D sketch and add thickness to it in the perpendicular dimension.
Revolve – Creates a revolved solid from a sketch about an axis.
Extruded Cut – It is a tool to remove material by projecting a sketched section normal to the sketch plane.
Combine – Combines the solids based on add, subtract and common areas are present.
Split - Lines are used to divide model faces into two. Split lines are created like any other sketched feature. They can be one or more connected sketch entities. They must be oriented so that they will pass through model faces when projected normal to the sketch plane.
Dome – dome can be of two types elliptical and spherical. It can add one or more domes to the selected planar or non-planar faces. The software calculates the distance using the radius of the arc as a basis for the dome.
Pierce Relationships - The Pierce relationship is used to sweep along a path. It can be thought of as a 3D Coincident relationship. In our spring, the circle will follow the helix. Consider the helix as a thin piece of wire and the profile sketch as being drawn on a piece of paper. If we stick the wire through the paper at the centre of the circle, this would be a pierce relationship. When we perform the sweep, the paper will slide along the wire, held at the pierce point.
Merge – combines solids or surfaces directly as a single solid or surface.
3.Surface Modelling
zero thickness geometry is known as surface. Surface modelling is a method of creating planar or non-planar complex geometry which has zero or negligible thickness. The surfaces are generally used to create models of complex shapes. We can convert surface models into solid models. We can also extract a surface from a solid model using the tools available for surface modelling.
Surface Commands:
Lofted Surfaces – Creates a lofted surface between two or more profiles or sketches. Specify start and end constraints and add guide curves to specify the path shape.
Boundary Surfaces – The boundary surface feature allows to create surfaces that can be tangent or curvature continuous in both directions.
Extruded Surfaces – Extrudes a sketch or selected sketch contours in one or two directions two create a surface features.
Revolved Surfaces – Revolves a sketch or selected sketch contours around an axis to create a revolved surface features.
Swept Surfaces – It Sweeps a closed profile along an open or closed path to create a surface feature. It uses a tangent plane at the end of the path so that the path is normal to the swept surface.
Filled Surfaces – Patches a surface within a boundary defined by edges, sketches, or curves.
Ruled Surfaces – Inserts ruled surfaces in a specified direction from edges. Tangent to surface, Normal to surface, tapered to vector, perpendicular to vector or sweep can be selected.
Trim Surface – It trims the surfaces where a surface intersect with another surface, a plane or a sketch.
Knit Surface – It combines two or more adjacent, non-intersecting surfaces into a single surface body. The surfaces must join at an edge. If the resulting knit surface encloses a volume and can create a complete solid body.
Move/copy surfaces – Moves or copy surfaces about a plane or a sketch.
Offset Surface – Offsets surfaces using one or more continuous faces. This tool helps us to create an offset surface with gaps.
Extend Surface – Extends one or more edges or faces on a surface, based on end conditions and extension type.
Mirror surfaces – A mirror feature is a copy of a selected feature, mirrored about a plane or planar face. A mirror sketch entity is a copy of a selected sketch entity that is mirrored about a centreline. If the original feature or sketch is modified, the mirrored copy is updated to reflect the change.
Reference plane – Planes can be created in part or assembly documents. We can use planes to sketch, to create a section view of a model, for a neutral plane in a draft feature, and so on.
Projected curve – A projected curve is typically used either in sweeps and lofts as path or guide curve.
There are two types of projected curves:
Sketch on Sketch: Use two sketches to make a single curve
Sketch on surface: Use a sketch to project on a surface
Modelling:
The Astron Martin consists of following parts to be designed individually and assembled.
Front windshield
Rear windshield
Lights
Disk brake
Calliper
Tyres
Wheels
Door
Rear diffuser
Hood
Emblem
Grills
Final assembly
Blueprint- It is setup using with respect to reference planes where 2D and 3D sketches are drawn with transparent blue print photos.
Car Model: A Car model is made using surface modelling and these surfaces are offsetted and performed certain surface and solid modelling techniques and are attached again to main body of car, which includes following steps. Half of the car model is modelled and other half is mirrored.
- Creation of surface
- Offsetting same surface
- Hiding the offset surface and delete original surface
- Perform operations and unhide offset surfaces.
Door
The door is not knitted to the remaining car and is drawn by splines, and features are added to it. Boundary surface is used to fill the surfaces where ever required and trim by direction feature is used to build it.
Lights
For making lights the surface is removed by 0mm surface offset method and all the operations are performed.
Windshield (Rear and Front)
The windshield is made by projection curves which are taken from different planes and glass appearance is made for the isolated windshields and added in the assembly. These parts are made by splines to make out-line and then surface fill and boundary surface. Some parts are made using ruled surface and some details are made solid using thicken tool such as headlight. For appearances to add more details so as to make the part look good visually split tool is used. The transparency of the windows and wind shield is simply achieved by change transparency option.
Front windshield
Rear windshield
Grill
Grill is made on an offset surface in the front by using various features like thicken, cut-with-surface- and surface offsets and also fillets are applied.
Rear Diffuser
Rear diffuser is made on the split surface from the main car and and appearances are applied on it and cut surfaces are made, for exhaust pipe bodies are created and applied shell feature are moved to required position using move/copy command.
Wheel assembly
Wheel is made using solid modelling feature like revolve and revolve cut and circular pattern is applied and assembly is made using mates.
Front wheel
Rear wheel
Emblem
This part is entirely made using solid modelling. Extrude boss, extrude cut, combine, mirror and flex are the tools used for this model.
Hood
Hood is upper covering of engine and designed by boundary surface half it designed and given solid modelling features where required and mirrored to make a complete hood.
Assembly:
There are 2 types of assembly approaches:
Top-down approach: Here the parts are designed and assembled simultaneously.
Bottom Up approach: Here the parts designed first and then assembled with reference to a particular part.
Bottom up approach is used to assemble Aston martin, any changes made in the parts will get automatically updated in the assembly.
Rendering:
The Standard visualization rendering is done in solidworks to obtain realistic views and various views have been rendered by adjusting the lightings according to scene.
Transformation of axis and rotation of model helps us to adjust according to background.
Appearances allow us to apply paintings of colours on bodies, parts, or surfaces.
Lightings can be adjusted in the scene or assembly to match the environment and look real.
