Full hydro of PFI engine
Compression ratio of this engine can be calculated using the volume graph obatined from the outputs.We can use the crest and trough of the line plot of volume; down below is a figure of the volume plot.
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By observation the crest value is 0.000574217 m^3 and trough value is 0.0000570338 m^3; using these values compression ratio can be found out as
Compression ratio is equal to crest /trough which gives us the value of 10.0680123
Heat transfer model is necessary because ,In order to perform good prediction of engine heat transfer and wall temperature, models are required for accomplish heat transfer from hot gases to engine parts, heat transfer inside each engine part, and also heat transfer to coolant and lubricating oil; this cannot predicted using CFD simulation for this thermal simulation should be done which is different type of simulation.
Combustion efficiency is how much amount fuel is used effectively to how much amount of fuel is provided.Using the graph below
from this we can find out the heat released by the engine.By observation the heat released is 1241.161 Joules.
Combustion efficiency = Output energy/Input Energy.
Input Energy = Mass of fuel * calorific value of fuel.
Output Energy = Heat released
Heat release is 1241.16
Combustion efficency = 1241.16 J/[(3*10^-5 KG)*(45 MJ/Kg)]
Combustion efficiency = 91.937%
Power and torque
Using the engine performance calculator we can find out the work done by the engine,the image is down below
Work done is 468.646 N-m.
We know that Power =work done / time
From the information provided RPM is 3000
TIme per 240.199 degree = 0.0133 seconds
so Power = 468.646/0.0133
P = 35236.54 watt
Torque can be calculated using Power = (2*`pi`*N*T)/60
35236.54=(2*pi*3000*T)/60
T = 112.16 N-m.
The significance of ca10 is that they tell you the crank angle when 10% of combustion has taken place.Similarly ca50 and ca90 represent the crank angle at 50% and 90% of combustion has taken place respectively.
Here is the link to animation of how spray parcels are inserted inside the cylinder
The outputs form the simualtion are explained below
This is the CO emissions plot. we see that after the 3rd stoke the CO amount increases because after combustion takes place exhaust gases are generated as by-products and CO is one of them, it is form due to lack of sufficient oxygen in the chamber.Reducing the CO emission can increase the combustion efficiency.
Plot shows the mass flow rate inside the combustion chamber.At the initial stroke mass is taken inside the chamber so the line graph is increasing, it decreases due to compression and again increases due to expansion but not as much as the initail as much of the mass is converted to energy and at the last stage it mass is let out so the plot gradually becomes a straight line.
This plot is of pressure ,we observe that the pressure increses in the 2nd stroke where the compression takes place and decreases when expansion stroke is in motion. Pressure is at it peek in the compression stroke.
Plot represents the temperature variation in the chamber.The temperature suddenly increases due to the expansion stroke (combustion stroke).We can observe that even in the compression stroke temperature is slightly increasing that is due to the compression of the particles.
This line plot represents the soot present in the chamber after combustion.Soot is a by-product of the combustion, and it can be seen after the expansion stroke.We cansee that even aftr ther exhaust stroke the soot does not come to zero because it sticks to the walls of the cylinder,pistion head and valve base.Soot is the black material seen on the engine after the engine is run for sometime,it can be also seen in the exhaust pipe.
Nox is represented by this plot.This is also a by-product of combustion and also seen after combustion in the graph.Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide are referred to together as oxides of nitrogen (NOx). NOx gases react to form smog and acid rain as well as being central to the formation of fine particles and ground level ozone, both of which are associated with adverse health effects.So the formation of NOx should be kept to a minimum.
All the file are attached to the project.