Week 6 Session 13
3 electric vehicles compare the battery pack and charging system requirements:
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Electric Vehicles |
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) |
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) |
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) |
| BEVs are also known as All-Electric Vehicles (AEV). Electric Vehicles using BEV technology run entirely on a battery-powered electric drive train. The electricity used to drive the vehicle is stored in a large battery pack which can be charged by plugging into the electricity grid. The charged battery pack then provides power to one or more electric motors to run the electric car. | HEVs are also known as series hybrid or parallel hybrid. HEVs have both engine and electric motor. The engine gets energy from fuel, and the motor gets electricity from batteries. The transmission is rotated simultaneously by both engine and electric motor. This then drives the wheels. | The PHEVs are also known as series hybrids. They have both engine and a motor. You can choose among the fuels, conventional fuel (such as petrol) or alternative fuel (such as bio-diesel). It can also be powered by a rechargeable battery pack. The battery can be charged externally. | |
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Main Components of BEV: |
Electric motor, Inverter, Battery, Control Module, Drive train |
Engine, Electric motor, Battery pack with controller & inverter, Fuel tank, Control module |
Electric motor, Engine, Inverter, Battery, Fuel tank, Control module, Battery Charger (if onboard model) |
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Working Principles of BEV: |
The power for the electric motor is converted from the DC Battery to AC. As the accelerator is pressed, a signal is sent to the controller. The controller adjusts the speed of the vehicle by changing the frequency of the AC power from the inverter to the motor. The motor then connects and leads to the turning of wheels through a cog. If the brakes are pressed, or the electric car is decelerating, the motor becomes an alternator and produces power, which is sent back to the battery |
The fuel tank supplies energy to the engine like a regular car. The batteries run on an electric motor. Both the engine and electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time. |
PHEVs start-up in all-electric mode and make use of electricity until their battery pack is depleted. Once the battery gets drained, the engine takes over, and the vehicle operates as a conventional, non-plug-in hybrid. PHEVs can be charged by plugging into an outside electric power source, engine, or regenerative braking. When brakes are applied, the electric motor acts as a generator, using the energy to charge the battery. The engine’s power is supplemented by the electric motor; as a result, smaller engines can be used, increasing the car’s fuel efficiency without compromising performance. |
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Examples of BEV: |
MG ZS, TATA Nexon, TATA Tigor, Mahindra E20 plus, Hyundai Kona, Mahindra Verito |
Engine, Electric motor, Battery pack with controller & inverter, Fuel tank, Control module |
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid, BMW 330e, Porsche Panamera S E-hybrid, Chevy Volt, Chrysler Pacifica, Ford C-Max Energy |
Based on voltage and power ratings:
| Mode of charging | Mode-1 | Mode-2 | Mode-3 | Mode-4 |
| Levels | Level- 1 | Level-2 | Level-3 (AC) | Level-3(DC) |
| Indian Standard | Type-1, Bharat AC-001, Bharat DC-001 | Type-1, Type-2 GB/T, Bharat AC-001 | Type-2 |
Type-2 CHAdeMO, CCSI,CS2 |
| Mounting | on-board | on-board | on-board | off-board |
| Placement | Residence | Residence | Public/Private | highway/CS |
Parameters:
| Phase | 1 phase | 3-Phase | 1 phase | 3-Phase | 3-Phase(AC) | 3-Phase(DC) |
| Voltage | 120/240V | 400V | 240V | 400V | 400V | 50-700V |
| Current | 16A | 16A | 32A | 32A | 65A | 100-1250A |
| Power | 3.3Kw | 10Kw | 7Kw | 24Kw | 43Kw | 50-300Kw |
| Charging Time | 6-8h | 2-3h | 3-4h | 1-2h | 20-30 min | < 20 min |