Week 5.2 - Literature review: ODE Stability

Objective: Use macros to create computer room air conditioning units (CRACs), server cabinets, power distribution units (PDUs), and perforated floor tiles in the data center. Organize the model using groups. Include effects of gravity and turbulence in the simulation. Define object-specific meshing parameters. Create contours,…

Objective: The main objective of this project is to provide analysis and standards for modelling MRF fan using ICEPAK. Theory: MRF is a simple, robust CFD technique used for modelling rotating turbo machinery. In MRF technique a constant speed of rotation is assigned. The mesh model does not rotate, instead the navier…

Theory: Electronic components generate heat energy and dissipate a significant amount onto PCBs. Thermal management techniques such as heat sinks are often used to accelerate the heat dissipation rate from the electronic component to the ambient. Heat sinks offer low thermal resistance from the junction to the case and…

Aim: Electric voltage control panel thermal analysis. Electric voltage control panel: it is a component of an electrical distribution system that divides an electric power to feed into branch circuits, while providing a circuit breaker. Components of voltage panel: Enclosure: an enclosure is a cabinet for electrical or…

Aim: low voltage control panel thermal analysis. Low voltage control panel: it is a component of an electrical distribution system that divides an electric power to feed into branch circuits, while providing a circuit breaker. Components of voltage panel: Enclosure: an enclosure is a cabinet for electrical or electronic…

Problem statement The Icepak model is given for this assignment. Open and unpack the given hanging_node.tzr model. Without any modifications, the model results in about 700,000 elements. Note that this mesh count results from using the non-conformal meshing technique, which reduces mesh bleeding and mesh count. However,…

The complete geometrical conversion. Meshing setup: Global mesh settings Mesh x: Mesh Y; Mesh z: Physics setup: Solver: 3D navier stokes solver is used to study the computational domain. General set up: Boundary conditions Variables solved: flow and thermal flow conditions Radiation: off Transient setup: steady Natural…

Theory: Forced convection is a mechanism or type of transport, in which fluid motion is generated by an external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.). Alongside natural convection, thermal radiation , and thermal conduction it is one of the methods of heat transfer and allows significant amounts of…

Problem statement The Icepak model is given for this assignment. Open and unpack the given hanging_node.tzr model. Without any modifications, the model results in about 700,000 elements. Note that this mesh count results from using the non-conformal meshing technique, which reduces mesh bleeding and mesh count. However,…

A pitot tube, also known as pitot probe, is a flow measurement device used to measure fluid flow velocity. It is widely used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft, water speed of a boat, and to measure liquid, air and gas flow velocities in certain industrial applications. The basic pitot tube consists of a tube pointing…

Cold plate model: Cold plates are used to cool components with heat fluxes of around 100 W/cm2. The power electronic cooling library contains models for cold plates and heat dissipation models for some power electronic components. Thermal management for power electronics is essential in order to provide efficient and durable…

Geometric cleaning of power unit system. Open the workbench and select the geometry tab option from the left hand menu list. Open the space claim module and import the power unit CAD model. The geometry is shown below. The first step of cleaning is to remove the outer enclosure, as we are interested in cleaning the PCB…

Theory: A nozzle is a relatively simple device, just a specially shaped tube through which hot gases flow. Ramjets and rockets typically use a fixed convergent section followed by a fixed divergent section for the design of the nozzle. This nozzle configuration is called a convergent-divergent, or CD, nozzle. In a CD nozzle,…

Aim: Meshing of Suspension assembly Theory: Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. Suspension systems must support both road holding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other.…

Aim: To perform sensitivity analysis of a methane combustion reaction Objective: Write a code that takes all the reactions from the GRI mechanism and calculates 10 most sensitive reactions The sensitivity parameter should be with respect to the Temperature (It should find the sensitivity with respect to the temperature…

Aim: 2D meshing on the instrumental Panel Objective: For the given component, check for the geometrical errors and mesh with the given element Quality criteria. After meshing the component the thickness has to be assigned. Write a detailed report on your meshing process and also mention which method you used to extract…

Theory: Auto ignition occurs when a mixture of gases or vapours ignites spontaneously in absence of any external sources such as flame or spark. The temperature at which the auto ignition occurs is called auto ignition temperature. It is the lowest temperature in a system where the rate of heat evolved from gases or vapours…

Theory: In order to estimate the combustion process inside a combustion chamber, it is fundamental to evaluate the mole fractions of a gas which consists of burned mixtures. A set of combination equations must be solved to evaluate the mixture composition. Newton Raphson approach: The basic equation for newton Raphson…

Objectives:  ) Practice all the Morphing techniques that were shown in the video for Model-1.  2) Perform morphing for the Model-2 and Increase the Height of the Dog houses and Ribs. Morphing: It is a method of changing the design or shape of the component without any numerical input. Applications of morphing:…

Aim: Combustion Efficiency Calculation after Preheating Objective A furnace is used to burn Methane and Air Mixture. A recuperator is connected to this furnace to recover some energy.  What is the effect of preheating on the adiabatic flame temperature? Change pre-heating from 298 to 600K Explain your results Does…

Stability of a system: In mathematics, when a certain perturbation is inserted into the system, the system tries to minimize the perturbation resulting in stable system. If on the other hand, the disturbances progress with time then it is an unstable system. A differential equation can be solved numerically by various…

Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place and the reactants are converted to products. These reaction rates can be modelled as an ordinary differential equation ODE for the concentration of species. The rate of product formation is the rate of depletion of reactant species. To solve these ODE…

Calculation of moles of air: When using the ‘moles’ function of class ‘Quantity’ we get no of moles of air as 0.0346615678 The code is given below """ Sample code to vary the temperature of air and oxidizer individually """ import cantera as ct gas= ct.Solution('gri30.cti') air= ct.Quantity(gas)…

Abstract: Adiabatic flame temperature computation using different fuels in Python and Cantera. Theory: Adiabatic flame temperature: In combustion process, the heat that is produced during the exothermic chemical reaction is released to product and the temperature of the products is raised. There is no possibility for dissipation…

Connections in ANSA: The geometry of the rear door is shown below:       Bolt connection for hinge: For bolt connection we need to represent the ONCOG point, then convert the 3D point to bolt and connect the bolt connection as shown. Select connection manager>> select COG point>> select…

Abstract: Conjugate heat transfer analysis plays an important role in predicting the thermal performances and effectively capture the boundary effect. In this case study an exhaust manifold is analyzed using CHT approach to predict the heat transfer coefficient value at the interface of the boundary wall of two different…

Aim:  Meshing the surface of an engine manifold. Objective: For the given component perform a quality check with the given quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   3 2 Minimum Length  1 3 Maximum Length  5 4 Tetcolapse  0.2 Procedure to clean…

Aim: Optimization modelling of 4-cycle DI pulse rated engine. Objective: Explore Example- Diesel_4cyl_DIpulse_injratemap and write a detailed report  Parameters-SOI, Rail Pressure Response- NO and bsfc minimum Run all designs for a case and find the optimum values Comment on your observations Theory: In a genetic…

Aim: Discretization of 3D intake manifold using GEM-3D Objective: 1. Tutorial- single cyl DI add case 2 with discretization length 0.1 mm for intake runner and compare with default case 1 Parameters-Torque, BSFC, max cylinder pressure simulation time 2. Explore tutorial no 2 (GEM3D) - “Building intake manifold…

Aim: Aftertreatment modelling of SI and CI engine using 3-way CAT CON model in GT POWER. Objective: Explore -Examples provided below and write a detailed report  Detailed SI engine+aftertreatment  Detailed CI engine aftertreatment  Compare results of all cases and give your comments Simulation model of CI…

Aim: Converting a detailed engine model to a FRM model Objective: Explore tutorial number 9 and write a detailed report  Build FRM Model for following configuration using FRM builder approach Bore 102 mm stroke 115 mm CR 17 No of cylinder 6 CI engine Twin Scroll Turbine GT Controller Run all cases Theory: FRM are…

Aim: Turbocharger Modelling using GT POWER Objective: List down different TC and locate examples from GT Power Explore tutorial number 6 and 7 Plot operating points on compressor and turbine maps In which application Variable Geometry Turbine is beneficial? Explore example- Diesel VGT EGR and understand the modeling part…

Aim: Thermodynamic analysis of a tractor engine. Objective: Do thermodynamic analysis of an engine for tractor application for use in India with following targets, Power 75 HP bsfc targets- min 210 g/kh and max 225 g/kWh cooled EGR configuration    Hint 1)Naturally aspirated engine BMEP can not be more than 8…

Aim: Basic Calibration of Single cylinder CI-Engine Objective: 1.Compare SI vs CI and list down differences (assignment no 2-SI) 2.Comments on following parameters BSFC Exhaust Temperature A/F ratios 3.Change MFB 50 and observe impact on performance Comparison between SI and CI engine Homogeneous mixture: In SI engine,…

Aim: Basic Calibration of Single cylinder SI-Engine. Objectives: 1.Run the case at 1800 rpm and list down important parameters air flow rate BMEP BSFC In-cylinder pressure 2. Increase the power output at 3600 rpm by 10% Modelling Approach:  Simulation model of SI Engine: Open GT Suite>> open tutorials>>…

To explore the GUI settings of GT power   GT suite or GT power is a powerful 1D system simulation modelling and system calibration software, which uses multi physics tool to solve problems related to thermal, fluid, structure, aerospace system, engine modelling and thermal management systems. Modules of GT Power:…

Aim:  Meshing the surface of a Rear view mirror. Objective: For the given component perform a quality check with the given quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   1 2 Minimum Length  0.5 3 Maximum Length  2 4 Tetcolapse  0.2 Procedure to clean…

Aim:  Meshing 0f switch panel and automotive component. Objective: For the given component perform a quality check with the given quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   4 2 Minimum Length  2 3 Maximum Length  6 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness…

Aim:  Meshing the surface of a bottle cap. Objective: For the given component perform a quality check with the given quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   1 2 Minimum Length  0.5 3 Maximum Length  3 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness 45…

Aim:  Meshing the inner and outer panel of hood. Objective: For the given component perform a quality check with the given quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   5 2 Minimum Length  2 3 Maximum Length  7 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness…

 Abstract: This project deals with hydro case setup of PFI engine. In this both spray modelling and turbulent modelling are considered to analyse different characteristic parameters. Fixed embedding and adaptive mesh refinement techniques are used to refine the localised mesh at different regions which includes valves,…

ABSTRACT: Diesel engines are common combustion engines which are used in automotive and aircraft industries. Due to its high compression ratio factor, the efficiency of these engines is comparatively higher than SI engine. For the present case study emission characteristics of CAT 3410 engine is studied and analysed using…

Abstract: Shock tubes are used for investigating compressible flows and study gas phase combustion problems. In this problem, a shock tube chamber is setup filled with air at two different pressure zones, with a diaphragm in the middle. Study of shock wave propagation along with its effect on temperature, pressure and…

Abstract: In this project, a conjugate heat transfer simulation of a pipe flow is studied. Following a baseline mesh, grid independency test has been done at different supercycling interval. Post processing and data comparison is carried out using Paraview tool. Aim: Conjugate heat transfer simulation of a pipe. Objective:…

Turbulence: In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between those layers. Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena…

Abstract: In this project, a 2D supersonic flow simulation is done to capture the Prandtl-Meyer shock wave propagation through the sharp corners. Adaptive mesh refinement technique is done to capture the variation of velocity, shock wave, Mach no, temperature and pressure distribution along the zones of disturbances. For…

Abstract: In this project, a transient state flow analysis of a throttle valve is done. The throttle movement for a few seconds is given, to allow the movement of air and observe the velocity and pressure across the throttle region. Turbulent modelling using RNG k-epsilon model is chosen to model the flow behaviour. Aim:…

Abstract: In this project, a steady state simulation of throttle valve is studied using CONVERGE cfd. Pressure based solver with RNG k-epsilon turbulent model is used for simulation. Parameters like mass flow rate, velocity distribution, pressure variation across the throttle region is observed and analyzed. Embedded scaling…

Abstract: A combustion analysis is performed in this project with methane-air mixture with eddy dissipation mechanism. A combustor model is designed with necessary turbulent modelling scheme and post processing the solution by observing the different mass fraction of reacting species. A comparative study is also done to…

Abstract: In this project a backward face stepping geometry flow study is conducted. With different mesh sizes, the simulation is performed to observe output parameters like pressure, mass flow, velocity etc. The simulation set up is done in converge studio, run in Cygwin and post processed in ParaView. Aim: To analyse…

Abstract: Gate valves are used for directing the fluid flow in one direction with minimum restriction. Gate valves are widely used in industries like petrochemicals, refineries, steel plant, process industries and power generation plant. The main objective of this project is to conduct a parametric study of gate disc at…

Abstract: Conjugate heat transfer analysis plays an important role in predicting the thermal performances and effectively capture the boundary effect. In this case study an exhaust manifold is analyzed using CHT approach to predict the heat transfer coefficient value at the interface of the boundary wall of two different…

Abstract: In this project work, volume of fluid (vof) method is applied to understand the Rayleigh-Taylor instability effect between two different fluid. Here a baseline mesh is simulated first followed by refined case set up. With addition a new setup with a user material property has been simulated to understand the…

Abstract: Gear sloshing is a major industrial problem for properly lubricating the entire gear box system, for smooth operation and power transmission. In this case, a proper lubrication of gear system is performed by multiphase simulation approach using volume of fluid method. Also, in this project, a user defined function…

Abstract: In this project a channel flow study is conducted. With different mesh sizes, the simulation is performed to observe output parameters like pressure, mass flow, velocity etc. The simulation set up is done in converge studio, run in Cygwin and post processed in paraview. Aim: Perform channel flow simulation at…

Abstract: In this project a CFD modelling of a cyclone separator is conducted using discrete phase modelling scheme. The particle injected through the inlet are trapped below and clean air escapes out from the above opening. Turbulent model using k-epsilon is applied with swirl dominating effect. The particle diameter…

Abstract: Graphics card are used for enhancing the computational performance and improve processing speed. It is important to keep the processor at an optimum temperature. So, in this study a conjugate heat transfer analysis is performed. Different material is assigned at different solid zones. For turbulent modelling…

Abstract: The aerodynamic behaviour of Ahmed body is numerically investigated in the present work. Commercial FLUENT software is used for CFD simulation using a turbulent model. Grid dependency test is performed to validate the results against the experimental data. Computation of drag and lift fairly agrees with the numerical…

AIM: Study the effects of time step sizes for a 1D linear convection problem. GOVERNING EQUATION: The general formula for 1D convection is given by Discretizing the above equation in terms of explicit scheme where the first term is discretized with respect to time and the second term with respect to space gives: N…

Aim Study of linear convection using numerical techniques at various grid points. Governing equation The general formula for 1D convection is given by Discretizing the above equation in terms of explicit scheme where the first term is discretized with respect to time and the second term with respect to space gives: N represents…

Aim: To study the linear systems using iterative solver techniques. Objective: to compute the eigen values of an iteration matrix compute spectral radius of the matrix solve the system using jacobi, gauss seidel and sor solver. Governing equation: The general form of linear system in matrix is AX=B Where A is coefficient…

ABSTRACT Flow over a cylinder is considered as one of the most challenging problems in fluid mechanics where intensive investigations are continued to understand the complex dynamic of cylinder wake flow. In this study, a similar CFD analysis have been performed for a flow over a cylinder. With varying the Reynolds no,…

Abstract: Supersonic nozzles are generally used for lifting rockets and produce supersonic flows in missiles. These nozzles have converging diverging sections where the area varies from inlet section to the outlet section. In this context, a numerical simulation is performed by taking in consideration of both conservative…

ABSTRACT The given problem is focused in analyzing the mixing effectiveness of hot and cold fluid in a tee shaped pipe. A numerical study using CFD approach is applied to predict the outlet temperature and velocity of the pipe at a steady state condition. The computational geometry is modeled using URANS based solver namely…

Aim: To study the effect of fluid flow over a backward facing step geometry block in OpenFOAM and Paraview. Objectives: Show the variation of velocity magnitude profile as a function of mesh grading factor. Use grading factors 0.2, 0.5, 0.8. Measure the velocity profile at 0.085m from the inlet of the geometry. Compare…

 Abstract The given problem is described to demonstrate a flow simulation over a pipe to observe the boundary layer formation at different angles of theta. Symmetry boundary conditions are introduced and they are compared with the wedge boundary conditions. The velocity profile is captured at three different zones…

Abstract: The given problem is described to demonstrate a flow simulation over a pipe to observe the boundary layer formation. The velocity profile is captured at three different zones which are at start of entry length, at the end of entry length and after the entry length. Similarly, pressure drop is also observed at…

Abstract The given problem demonstrates the flow of heat along a unit square domain at a defined length. Using both explicit and implicit scheme, the steady state and transient state conduction is computed. Applying Jacobi, gauss seidel and SOR iterative solver with a defined CFL value, a comparison study is done to find…

Objective: Derive the 4th order approximation of second order derivative using symmetric stencil (central differencing method) and skewed stencil(skewed right sided and skewed left sided differencing method) and prove that the skewed schemes are fourth order approximate. Write a matlab code to evaluate the second order…