Week-4 Challenge WOT Condition Part-2

Q.1: WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAPPED AND DYNAMIC MODELS OF ENGINE, MOTOR, AND GENERATOR. HOW CAN YOU CHANGE THE MODEL TYPE.

Difference between mapped and dynamic models Engine, Motor, and Generator.

features	MAPPED In the mapped model is the data used for the operation and simulation are to be entered in a form of lookup table which would be then configured with the operational parts and the analysis would br formed.	DYNAMIC In Dynamic model it understands the behavior of the specification part/element and then it behaves accordingly.it gives detailed analysis for the variations entered by us in the specifications whereas it simulates according to real and dynamic operation.
Advantage	if the detailed specification/lookup table data is available with us the simulation becomes easier and it gives the results on the basis of data interpreted also known as a global-based model.	It operates dynamically depending on the situation of operation detailed data specifications are not required and the simulation gives the detailed analysis of the components simulated. Also, know as a real-time-based model.
disadvantage	More data has to be collated and some assumptions might also have to be taken.	Could not simulate as per our customized specification.

EFFECTED ON COMPONENTS/PARTS FOR SIMULATION

ENGINE	Engine performance could be simulated with the array of data interpreted in the system, whereas all conditions such as engine operations, power, efficiency could be measured accordingly.	Engine performance will be simulated as per the original/real engine specifications of the designated vehicle chosen for simulation. All results would be obtained with real-time details.
MOTOR	Motor specifications such as rpm, maximum efficiency heat, and such specifications are to be entered for simulating the results.	The actual details for the same would be considered and the results would be obtained.
GENERATOR	Specifications for battery Torque, battery current, motor torque and others are to be entered for simulation.	All the details and specifications would specifications would be considered as per the actual and dynamic state the results of the same would be obtained then.

Example of changing model type

As per the screenshot appended below of the generator of a Hybrid electric vehicle.

While we enter the generator new screen with the below-mentioned screen is available.

With an option to select between the mapped generator and the Dynamic generator. currently, the mapped generator is configured, if we wish to change this to the dynamic generator then we just need to follow the steps.

Select the model which you want to configure->choose varient manger->Right click the model you wish to choose and then set as label mode active choice.

Q.2: How does the model calculate miles per gallon.which factors are considered to model fuel flow.

The factors considered for indicating the fuel efficiency are as mentioned below.

1.Vehicle speed

2. battery speed

3. Fuel flow

The conversion to miles per Gallon and the fuel flow is as mentioned with the steps below-

conversion from Cubic Meter to the gallon (m^3 to the gallon), As we know 264.172 US gallons is 1000L.

The reference model taken here for consideration is HEV and as its operations on both the battery and the fuel injection engine.

The final output/ fuel efficiency is calculated by keeping into consideration of the battery output, fuel output, and the vehicle speed/kilometers driven. therefore the fuel efficiency is calculated and it is converted after the saturation thus the FE is calculated

Q.3: Run the HEV ReferenceApplication with WOT drive cycle. Change the grade and wind velocity in the environment block. Comment on the results.

HEV- WOT drive cycle (data input)

The cycle was carried out for 60 seconds.

Performance scope- WOT Cycle

Observations

1.Plot 1 (trace velocity target vs actual) - Through this plot, it is denoted that the desired velocity has not been met by the actual vehicle velocity. the desired velocity was ranging at near about 140mph but the actual velocity achieved was near to 110mph.

2. Plot 2 (Engine speed motor speed )rpm- This plot gives the detailed analysis for the achieved engine and motor speed in rpm. the contribution of both the power generating sources for meeting the required velocity.

3. Plot 3 (Engine torque motor torque and generator torque)Nm- This plot gives a detailed analysis of the engine generating sources for meeting the required velocity.

4. Plot 4 (batter current) A - This plot denotes the power produced by the battery and the readings are in Ampere.

5. Plot 5 (battery soc)- this plot denotes the state of charge of the battery, this denotes the range of charge used for the achievement of velocity.

6. Plot 6 (US fuel Economy )MPGe - this is the fuel efficiency or the range of the drive and the same is denoted in miles per gallon equivalent.

WOT CYCLE WITH CHANGES IN GRAGE AND WIND VELOCITY

The variable inputs for the change in these aspects are as given below,

The observations from the results as compared to the normal situations are mentioned below,

Comments/Comparison of the results obtained.

1. Plot 1 ( Trace velocity target velocity vs actual)- This is clearly visible that as the grade and the wind velocity are increased compared to the normal state the vehicle is not able to reach the target velocity.

2. Plot 2(Engine speed, motor speed) rpm- In this plot comparing with the normal plot the engine speed has reduced to a steep slope on the negative side as compared to the normal situation the grade is increasing the load on the engine and thus the targeted Engine speed is not met.

3. Plot 3 (Engine torque, Motor torque, Generator torque)Nm- There are multiple variations in all these aspects and the same is visible in both the results of normal and with the grade and wind velocity.

4. Plot 4(Battery current) A- Battery current has been fluctuating at a higher range as compared to the normal after the vehicle is reaching near to the steady/stable pace the fluctuation starts and is simulated.

5. Plot 5( Battery soc)- the battery state of charge remains more or less similar in both the cases and are resulted at 65% after the end of the WOT cycle.

6. Plot 6(US Fuel Economy) MPGe- The average fuel economy differs in the range of 6 and 9 mph in both scenarios.

Q.4:Keeping all other parameters the same, compare the simulated results of hybrid and pure electric powertrains.

The below-mentioned vehicle is simulated for the EV Reference

the performance and FE Results obtained are appended as below,

the below-mentioned vehicle is simulated for the HEV Reference,

The performance and FE Results obtained are appended as below,

CONCLUSION:- The overall difference in both these simulators are their vehicle operations where the EV is completely operated on the battery as the power source and on the other hand, the HEV has two power sources SI/CI Engine and battery. The results obtained are varied and the parameters are also differentiated accordingly.