Answer :
The motor that are commonly used in Electric Vehicles are :
- Brushed DC motor (DC Motor)
- Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)
- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
- Induction motor (IM)
- Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM)
| S. No. |
Motor Type |
Construction |
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
Application |
| 1 |
Brushed DC motor |
- Uses stator and rotor winding
- Uses brushes for commutation
|
It gives the maximum torque at low speed. |
- Bulky structure
- Low efficiency
- Heat generation at brushes
|
Fiat Panda Elettra |
| 2 |
Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) |
- Uses stator windings and permanent magnet rotor
- Uses electronic commutation without brushes
|
- No copper less
- More efficiency than the induction motors
- It is lighter
- Smaller
- Better heat dissipation
- More reliable
|
- Short constant power range
- When speed increases torque decreases
- Expensive
|
Toyota Prius |
| 3 |
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) |
- Uses stator windings and permanent magnet rotor
- Not self starting like synchronous motor
|
- It can be used without using gear systems in a different speed range
- More efficient
- Compact
- Best suitable for in-wheel application
- Gives high torque even at least speeds
|
During the in-wheel operation at high speed it losses the high amount of iron
|
Toyota Prius, Nissan Leaf, Soul EV
|
| 4 |
Induction Motor (IM) |
- Uses stator windings and rotor can be wound or cage type
- Self starting due to high torque
|
- It is the most mature commutator less motor drive system
- By employing the field operation control it can be operated like separately excited DC motor
|
- Speed control is very difficult.
- Poor starting torque and high inrush currents
- They always operate under lagging power factor
|
Tesla Model S, Tesla Model X, Toyota RAV4, GM EV1
|
| 5 |
Switched Reluctance Motor(SRM) |
- Uses stator windings and salient pole rotor
- Uses reluctance torque for operation
|
- It is simple
- Robust construction
- High speed
- Low cost
- Constant long power range
- Fault-tolerant
- Higher power density
|
- Makes so much of noise
- Low efficiency
- Large and Heavy
- Complex and design control
|
Chloride Lucas
|