Week -2

SOLENOID:

A solenoid is a type of electromagnet the purpose of which to generate a controlled magnetic field through a coil wound into a tightly packed helix

The coil can be arranged to produce a uniform magnetic field in a volume of space when an electric current is passed through it or

The solenoid is a device comprised of a coil of wire the housing and a moveable plunger (armature) when an electrical current is introduced a magnetic field from around the coil which draws the plunger in more simply a solenoid converts electrical energy into energy

PULSE GENERATOR:-

The pulse generator generates square wave pulses at regular intervals of time. the block waveform parameters, amplitude,pulse,width,period, and phase delay determine the shape of the output waveform. the pulse generator block can emit scalar, vector, or matrix signals of any real data type.

BATTERY:

The battery provides the voltage supply required to generate the magnetic flux in the solenoid

Simulink to ps converter :

This block is used to convert Simulink variables into physical system variable and vice versa.

Sensors:

Different sensors are used to sense the physical variable like motion etc:

EXPLANATION :

The circuit mainly consists of the battery, solenoid, doorbell, switch, plunger,….and an electrical reference is connected to the electrical circuit, and a mechanical reference is connected to the mechanical circuit.

The solenoid coil is connected to the battery supply. The switch is connected to the pulse generator.

Based on the pulse inputs to the switch circuit controlled entire operation is controlled.

The plunger moves with respect to the given inputs. And the scope outputs are plotted.

2. THERMISTOR:-

A thermistor is a resistance thermometer or a resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature. the term is a combination of thermal and resistor. It is made of metallic oxides, pressed into the bead, disk, or cylindrical shape, and then encapsulated with an impermeable material such as epoxy or glass.

Thermistors are used as temperature sensors they can be found in everyday appliances such as fire alarms ovens and refrigerators. they are also used in digital thermometers and in many automotive applications to measure temperature

Thermistors need for shielding power lines.

Extremely non-linear

Passive

The thermistor is not suitable for a large temperature range.

The resistance temperature characteristic are nonlinear.

Narrow working temperature range compared to other sensors such as RTD and thermocouple.

SIMULINK BLOCK DIAGRAM:

FAN-CONTROLLED THERMISTOR :

Input: temperature source 20 degrees c elcius from 0to 10sec.27degrees celsius from 10 to 30 sec. 23degrees Celsius from 30 to 50 secs.

Fan conditions: on if the temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius .off otherwise .the input signal corresponding to the above parameters is given using a single builder block.

At point 1,time =0seconds. Temperature =293.15k

At point 2, time =10second, temperature=293.15k

At point 3,time =10second, Temperature=300.15k

At point 4,time= 30 second ,temperature=300.15k

At point 5,time=30second , Temperature=296.15k

At point 6, time=50 second , Temperature=296.15k

Simulink-ps. converter

Covert the Simulink input signal to the physical signal.

The unit expression in the input signal unit parameter is associated with the Simulink input signal and determines the unit assigned to the physical signal.

Apply affine conversion check box is only relevant for units with offset (such as temperature units).

If the selected solver requires input derivatives you can either provide them explicitly through additives signal ports or turn on input filtering to calculate time derivatives the first order filter provides one derivative while the second order filter provides the first and second derivatives for piecewise constant signals you can also explicitly set the input derivatives to zero

threshold value of the switch

In order to know the threshold value first, we have to connect a constant block to the Simulink tops. converter with 298 as input

And then run the simulation

The voltage generated in the display is entered as the threshold to the switch

Then connect the signal builder again in the pace of constant and run the simulation .

Hence the final output is same as program.