Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

 1) Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells. Give your detailed explanation on it.

Li-ion Battery:

Lithium Ion Battery is the rechargeable battery. Lithium Ion uses a cathode (positive electrode), an anode (negative electrode) and electrolyte. During Discharge, the ions flow from the anode to cathode through electrolyte; charge, the ions flow from the cathode to anode through electrolyte.

Types of Li-ion Cells:

Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)

The system contains a cobalt oxide cathode (positive electrode) and graphite carbon anode (negative electrode). It is used in various applications such as laptops and phone batteries. It has high specific energy as compared to the other batteries, which makes it the preferred choice for laptops and mobile phones.It has low specific power, low safety and a low life span.

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)

Lithium Manganese Oxide as a cathode electrode and graphite carbon as an anode electrode. It is used in different applications like electric vehicles. It has high specific energy and low cost as compared to other batteries. It is moderate in terms of specific power, safety, and lifespan. It can be optimized to have either high specific power or high specific energy.

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA)

Its cathode electrode as Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum oxide and anode electrode as graphite Carbon. It is used in different applications like power grid applications, medical devices and electric vehicles.It offers one main advantage is high specific energy. It is moderate in the rest of the characteristics like performance, cost, specific power and lifespan.

 

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)

Its cathode material is Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide and anode material is graphite carbon. NMC combines the best of nickel and manganese. Nickel has high specific energy but poor stability; manganese can form a spinel structure to achieve low internal resistance yet provides low specific energy. Joining the metals increases the strengths of both parts. NMC batteries are widely used for power tools, energy storage systems. It has two major advantage one is high specific energy and other is low cost. It is moderate in terms of specific power, safety, lifespan, and performance when compared to other lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)

LFP stand for lithium iron phosphate, they use phosphate as cathode material. It has low resistance properties that enhance their thermal stability and safety. LFP provides good electrochemical performance with lower resistance. The main benefits are long cycle life, higher current rating and thermal stability, which means extra safety. It has one major disadvantage when compared to other types of lithium ion batteries and that is its low specific energy.

Lithium Titanate (LTO)

Li-Titanate is used instead of the graphite in the anode of a common lithium-ion battery. The cathode material is either LMO or NMC. It has high safety, high performance, and a high lifespan. Its specific energy is low compared to other batteries. The only major disadvantage of lithium titanate is its extremely high cost.

 Attached the prepared table document.

 2) Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics

Li-ion battery Types	Specific Power	Specific Energy	Safety	Lifespan	Cost	Performance
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)	L	H	L	L	L	M
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO)	M	M	M	L	L	L
Lithium Nicket Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)	M	H	M	M	L	M
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)	H	L	H	H	L	M
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide(NCA)	M	H	L	M	M	M
Lithium Titanate	M	L	H	H	H	H

L Stands for low

M Stands for moderate

H stands for high