Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

Name : Inbarasu V S

Course : Introduction to battery technology for E- vehicles using MATLAB & Simulink

Week 1 - challenge

1.Prepare a table that includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP, and LTO type of lithium ion cells. Give your detailed explanation on it

Battery:

1)Lithium cobalt oxide(LCO) battery

LCO (Lithium cobalt oxide) become invented in the yr 1991. Its anode material is LiaC6, the cathode material is LibCoO2 and the carrier is Li+. it's far used in diverse packages starting from electronic devices to all laptops and get in touch with batteries. most people of lithium-ion batteries for portable devices are cobalt-primarily based. The gadget includes a cobalt oxide cathode (high-quality electrode) and graphite carbon anode (bad electrode).

2)Lithium-ion manganese oxide (LMO)battery

A lithium-ion manganese oxide battery (LMO) is a lithium ion cell that uses manganese dioxide, MnO2, as the cathode material. They feature thru the equal intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism as different commercialized secondary battery technology, together with LiCoO2. Cathodes primarily based on manganese-oxide additives are earth-considerable, inexpensive, non-toxic, and provide higher thermal balance.

3)Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides (NCA) battery

Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide battery, or NCA, has been round when you consider that 1999 for special applications. It shares similarities with NMC through supplying high particular electricity, reasonably excellent precise power and an extended lifestyles span.

4)Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) battery

In quick, NMC batteries offer a combination of Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt. they may be once in a while known as Lithium Manganese Cobalt Oxide batteries. NMC batteries have high particular electricity or strength.

5)Lithium iron phosphate battery(LFP) batteries

LFP batteries stand for Lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4) batteries, that is called li-phosphate batteries as nicely. They use phosphate as cathode material. further, they enjoy the low resistance houses that beautify their thermal stability and protection.

6)Lithium-titanate-oxide(LTO) battery

The lithium-titanate-oxide (LTO) battery is a type of rechargeable battery that has the benefit of being quicker to charge than other lithium-ion batteries, however the drawback of getting a far decrease electricity density.

Name	Anode	Cathode	Electrolyte	Seperator	Anode Reaction	Cathode Reaction	Overall Reaction
Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LCO)	Graphite	Lithium Cobalt Oxide	Ethylene Carbonate	Poluolefine	Lic6 <-> C6+ Li + e-	CoO2 + Li + e- <-> LiCoO2	C6 + LiCoO2 <-> Lic6 + CoO2
Lithium Manganese Oxide(LMO)	Graphite	Lithium Manganese	Lithium Halide	Poluolefine	Lic6 <-> C6+ Li + e-	MnO2 + Li + e- <-> LiMnO2	C6 + Li Mn 2O4<-> Lic6 + Mn 2O4
Lithium Nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide(NCA)	Graphite	Nickel Cobalt Aluminium	Ethylene Carbonate	Poluolefine	Lic6 <-> C6+ Li + e-	NiCoAlO2 + Li + e- <-> LiNiCoAlO2	C6 + LiNiCoAlO2 <-> Lic6 + NiCoAlO2
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(NMC)	Graphite	Nickel Manganese	Lithium Salt	Poluolefine	Lic6 <-> C6+ Li + e-	NiMnCoO2 + Li + e- <-> LiNiMnCoO2	C6 + LiNiMnCoO2 <-> Lic6 + NiMnCoO2
Lithium Iron Phospate(LFP)	Graphite	Lithium Iron Phospate	Ethylene Carbonate	Poluolefine	Lic6 <-> C6+ Li + e-	FePo4 + Li + e- <-> LiFePO4	C6 + LiFePO4 <-> Lic6 + FePO4
Lithium Titanate	Graphite	Lithium Titanate	Lithium Salt	Poluolefine	Li­4Ti3O <-> Ti5O12 + 4Li++4e-	4Mn2O4+ 4Li++4e- <-> LiMn2O4	4Mn2O4+ Li­4Ti5O12 <-> 4 LiMn2O4 + Ti5O12

Chemical Reaction Explanation:

1. Lithium Cobalt Oxide:

On Anode

LiC6→xLi++xe−+C6LiC6→xLi++xe-+C6

On Cathode

Li1−xCoO2+xLi++xe−→LiCoO2Li1-xCoO2+xLi++xe-→LiCoO2

Overall Reaction

C6+LiCoO2↔LixC6+Li1−xCoO2C6+LiCoO2↔LixC6+Li1-xCoO2

2. Lithium Manganese Oxide:

On Anode

Li→Li++e−Li→Li++e-

On Cathode

Mn2O4+Li++e−→LiMn2O4Mn2O4+Li++e-→LiMn2O4

3. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide:

On Anode:

LixCn→nC+xLi++xe−LixCn→nC+xLi++xe-

On Cathode

Li1−xAlO2+xLi++xe−→LiAlO2Li1-xAlO2+xLi++xe-→LiAlO2

Redox Reaction

Li1−xAlO2+LixCn→LiAlO2+nCLi1-xAl2+LixCn→LiAlO2+nC

4. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide:

On Anode

LixCn→nC+xLi++xe−LixCn→nC+xLi++xe-

On Cathode

Li1−xMO2+xLi++xe−→LiMO2Li1-xMO2+xLi++xe-→LiMO2

Redox Reaction

Li1−xMO2+LixCn→LiMO2+nCLi1-xMO2+LixCn→LiMO2+nC

5. Lithium Iron Phosphate:

On Anode

LiC6→Li++e−+C6LiC6→Li++e-+C6

On Cathode

LiFe(III)PO4+xLi++xe−→LiFe(II)PO4LiFe(III)PO4+xLi++xe-→LiFe(II)PO4

FePO4+Li++e−→LiFePO4FePO4+Li++e-→LiFePO4

Overall Reaction

LiFePO4+6C→LiC6+FePO4LiFePO4+6C→LiC6+FePO4

6. Lithium Titanate :

Overall Reaction:

Li4Ti5O12+3Li++3e−↔Li7Ti5O12Li4Ti5O12+3Li++3e-↔Li7Ti5O12

Li7Ti5O12+2Li++2e−↔Li9Ti5O12

2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics

Characteristics	LCO	LMO	NCA	NMC	LFP	LTO
Chemistry	Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LCO)	Lithium Manganese Oxide(LMO)	Lithium Nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide(NCA)	Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(NMC)	Lithium Iron Phosphate(LFP)	Lithium Titanate
Nominal Voltage	3.6v	3.7v	3.6v	3.6v	3.2v	2.4v
Cycle expectancy	500-1000	300-700	500-1000	1000+	2000+	3000-7000
Max Charging Current(c)	0.7-1c	0.7-1c	0.7c	0.7-1c	1c	1c
Max Discharging Current(c)	1c	1c	1c	1-2c	1c	10c
Thermal Runaway ( degree Celsius)	150oc	250oc	150oc	220oc	150oc	highest
Packaging	16650 prismatic & pouch cell	Prismatic	11650	18650,27000	18650,32650 prismatic	Prismatic
Specific Energy(Wh/kg)	150 - 200	100-150	200-260	150-220	90 - 120	50-80
Application	Laptops, Mobile,tablets, etc	Medical devices, power tools, etc.	Mechanical , Industrial Electronics	Medical devices ,ev,etc.	Stationary applications	Electric vehicle,energy storage.