Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
| Abbreviation | Name | Chemical Name | Anode | Cathode | Anode Reaction | Cathode Reaction | Full Reaction | Year | Application |
| LCO | Lithium Cobalt Oxide | LiCoO2 | Graphite Carbon | Cobalt Oxide - LiCoO2 (~ 60% Co) | LiC6 ↔ C6 + Li+ + e– | CoO2 + Li+ + e– ↔ LiCoO2 | LiC6 + CoO2 ↔ C6 + LiCoO2 | 1991 | Mobile Phones, Laptops, Cameras |
| LMO | Lithium Manganese Oxide | LiMn2O4 | Graphite Carbon | Manganese Oxide - LiMn2O4 | LiC6 ↔ C6 + Li+ + e– | Mn2O4 + Li+ + e- ↔ LiMn2O4 | LiC6 + Mn2O4 ↔ C6 + LiMn2O4 | 1996 | Power Tool, Medical Devices, Electric Powertrains |
| NCA | Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide | LiNiCoAlO2 | Graphite Carbon | Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide - LiNiCoAlO2 | LiC6 ↔ C6 + Li+ + e– | NiCoAlO2 + Li+ + e- ↔ LiNiCoAlO2 | LiC6 + NiCoAlO2 ↔ C6 +LiNiCoAlO2 | 1999 | Medical Devices, Industrial Electric Powertrains |
| NMC | Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide | LiNiMnCoO2 | Graphite Carbon | Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide - LiNiMnCoO2 | LiC6 ↔ C6 + Li+ + e– | NiMnCoO2 + Li+ + e- ↔ LiNiMnCoO2 | LiC6 + NiMnCoO2 ↔ C6 + LiNiMnCoO2 | 2008 | E-Bikes, Medical Device, EV's |
| LFP | Lithium Iron Phosphate | LiFePO4 | Graphite Carbon | Iron Phosphate - LiFePO4 | LiC6 ↔ C6 + Li+ + e– | FePO4 + Li+ + e- ↔ LiFePO4 | LiC6 + FePO4 ↔ C6 + LiFEPO4 | 1996 | Suitable for High Load Current and Endurance application |
| LTO | Lithium Titanate | Li2TiO3 | Titanate - Li2TiO3 | Lithium Manganese Oxide or NMC | Li2TiO3 ↔ TiO3 + 2Li+ + 2e- | Mn2O4 + Li+ + e- ↔ LiMn2O4 | Li2TiO3 + 2Mn2O4 ↔ TiO3 + 2LiMn2O4 | 2008 | UPS, Solar Power Lights, Electric Powertrain |
Cell Electrical & Thermal Properties
| Abbreviation | Voltage | Operating Range | Specific Energy | Charge | Discharge | Cycle Life | Thermal Runaway |
| LCO | 3.6V Nominal | 3.0-4.2 V/Cell | 150-200 Wh/Kg | 0.7-1C | 1C | 500-1000 | 150 Degree Centigrade |
| LMO | 3.8V Nominal | 3.0-4.2 V/Cell | 100-150 Wh/Kg | 0.7-1C | 1C | 300-700 | 250 Degree Centigrade |
| NCA | 3.6V Nominal | 3.0-4.2 V/Cell | 200-60 Wh/Kg | 0.7C | 1C | 500 | 150 Degree Centigrade |
| NMC | 3.7V Nominal | 3.0-4.2 V/Cell | 150-220 Wh/Kg | 0.7-1C | 1C | 1000-2000 | 210 Degree Centigrade |
| LFP | 3.3V Nominal | 2.5-3.65 V/Cell | 90-120 Wh/Kg | 1C | 1C | >2000 | 270 Degree Centigrade |
| LTO | 2.4V Nominal | 1.8-2.85 V/Cell | 50-80 Wh/Kg | 1C | 10C | 3000-7000 | Safest Battery |
Cell Rating Scale (0 to 5) -
| Cell Type | Cost | Specific Energy | Specific Power | Safety | Life Span | Performance |
| NCA | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 |
| NMC | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| LTO | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| LiFePO4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| LMO | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
In Cost - Low Points means high price.
Working of a Li Battery
During discharging of the cell, the lithium ions move from Anode to Cathode through electrolyte while the electrons move in the same direction but through the external circuit. While charging, the reverse occurs with Lithium ions and electrons moving back to Anode.
Always check for SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) Layer for performance.