Week 1 Challenge

1. What is the full form of OEM ?

Original Engine Manufacturer.

2. How the Design Responsibility goes in Automotive?

The automotive responsibility or the hierarchy is as follows: OEM→Tier 1→Tier 2→Tier 3 and so on.

The responsibilty goes from the lower tiers to the OEMs. Each and every Tier is responsible for the Tier above them.

3. Name some Tire 4 Supplier and what they Manufacture?

Tier 4 suppliers are the main manufacturers of raw materials required for a automotive part such as sheet metal roles or foams for the seating equipment in the car. Eg: SSB Polymers makes raw plastics, TATA Steel makes sheet metal for the body parts etc.

4. When was the first Car Made?

29/01/1886

5. What kind of Seats are used in the first Car?

The first car that was made has a simple bench type seat made out of wood and metal supports.

6. Define 3D reference System?

Its is a type of refernce system used in the automotive industry to locate all the component in a vehicle i.e, X- Lenght, Y- Width, Z- Height.

7. Why 3D reference System is needed?

With the help of the 3D reference system, a designer is able to work around the vehicle and is able to locate all the components of the vehicle easily such as the drivers view point or even identify the centerline of the vehicle. For example the X-axis in the reference syste moves along the lenght of the vehicle where we can easily identify the fore and aft of the vehicle, different planes can be used to identify the dimensions of the vehicle and much more.

8. What is X Plane and in a Car, what is positive “x”?

X-Plane is the front view of the car and positive x refers to the rear bumper side of the car.

9. What is “Zero Plan”?

Zero Plan is the point where one of the co-ordinates is 0.

10. Define Point of origin?

The point of origin is the point which is normally the center of the zero plan.

11. Where Most OEM Point of Origin keep ?

The point of origin varies from OEM to OEMs. But generally its id usually in the front of the front bumper.

12. Difference between Work Line and Grid Lines ?

When the planes that are located at increments of 100mm come together they form a grid line. They are parallel to the XY YZ ZX planes. Work lines are the lines that On the other hand to provide a gauge point for a designer to work to make dimensioning for indivudual parts we use work lines. Work line are usually not parallel.

13. Are Work Line and Grid Lines are inter connected?

No the grid and work lines are not interconnected.

14. What is Body Position?

The position at which a part in a vehicle is located w.r.t to the body is called body position.

15. When a Car comes out of OEM Yard ,Seat will be at what position?

Body Position.

16. How Center Line is used in terms of Car Design?

In terms of car design, the main use of the centerline is that it acts as a longitudinal axis that is used to divide the car into symmetrical halves.

17. Usually Center Line is Placed at _________?

X axis.

18. What is Positive Z Direction?

The dierection towards the roof of the car.

19. What is Positive Y Direction?

When the car is divided using a centerline, then the right side of the division from the drivers point of view is the positive Y direction.

20. What is LHD and RHD?

LHD nad RHD refers to Left Hand Drive and Right Hand Drive respectively. It is the side on which the steering wheel is placed.

21. A Driver driving a Car in US will be sitting which side of Car?

LHD, Left Hand Drive.

22. Driver in US is in __Y Direction.

Negative

23. A Indian Cab Driver went to USA and started driving a Car, which side of the Car he will be sitting?

Left Side.

24. I opened the Door of my Car and saw my room keys on center console , so my keys are _____ against the Door.

Inboard

25. Belt Buckle attached on the _____Side of the Seat.

Left (Assuming the car is RHD)

26. The Recliner handle is placed ______side of the seat.

Right (Assuming the car is RHD)

27. Inboard/Outboard is a _______ based system.

Reference

28. IB:______, OB _______

IB: Inboard, OB: Outboard.

29. Going from rear bumper to forward is _____ Movement.

Fore

30. C- Pillar to B – Pillar movement is _______ Movement.

Fore

31. A aft movement of seat is_____ X Movement.

Positive

32. Volume wise which country produce max number of Cars?

China

33. Volume wise production please place all OEM in global?

Global OEM procution by volume (2023):

• RANK 1: TOYOTA - JAPAN - 10,307,395
• RANK 2: VOLKSWAGEN - GERMANY - 9,239,575
• RANK 3: HYUNDAI KIA - SOUTH KOREA - 7,302,451
• RANK 4: STELANTIS - NETHERLANDS - 6,392,600
• RANK 5: GENERAL MOTORS - USA - 6,188,476
• RANK 6: FORD - USA - 4,413,545
• RANK 7: HONDA - JAPAN - 4,188,039
• RANK 8: NISSAN - JAPAN - 3,374,271
• RANK 9: BMW - GERMANY - 2,555,341
• RANK 10: CHANGAN - CHINA - 2,553,052

34. Which country India will replace in next 10 year in term of Volume production ?

Germany

35. Volume wise production please place all OEM in India?

India OEM production by volume (2023):

• RANK 1: MARUTI SUZUKI - 16,06,870
• RANK 2: HYUNDAI - 5,67,546
• RANK 3: TATA MOTORS - 5,38,640
• RANK 4: MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA - 3,59,253
• RANK 5: KIA - 2,69,229
• RANK 6: TOYOTA - 1,74,015
• RANK 7: HONDA - 91,418
• RANK 8: RENAULT - 91,152
• RANK 9: SKODA - 53,721
• RANK 10: MG MOTORS - 48,866

36. Name Countries which follow LHD Drive?

USA, CHINA, CANADA and all European countries (Not UK)

37. Name Countries which follow RHD Drive?

India, Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, UK, Australia.

1. What is Eyellipse and how it important from OEM purpose?

The words eye and ellipse combined forms the word eyellipse. This refers to the driver's field of view from both the interior and outside the car environmnets. The Eyellipse is fundamental in automotive design. In crafting vehicles, it's crucial to ensure that a person's line of sight, both inside the car and towards external remains unobstructed. Thus, the dashboard should be free of any elements that could impede a person's vision. The Eyellipse needs to be taken into account to ensure that it enables safe and proper driving, providing an adequate visibility zone for the driver.

2. Draw the complete Eyellipse Zone in a OEM environment?

The eyellipse zone is displayed below.

(Source: Ergonomics in Automotive Design Process by Vivek D Bhise).

3. What is E – Point?

E-Point is refererred as the Eye-Point which represents both the eyes of the driver or the manikin used in designing the seat.

Each eye in the E-point is 65mm apart from each other.

4. What is P – Point ?

P-point is the pivot point of the neck. It is 98mm below the E-point.

5. Correlation between E Point and P Point ?

E-point is 98mm below from P-Point.

6. Eyellipse calculation as per E – Point and P – Point?

For 95% of the driver population, the E-points are positioned 65mm apart, while the P-point for the same population is located below a standard line drawn from the midpoint centroid of the points, at a distance of 98mm.

7. What is full form of “SgRP”?

SgRP: Seat Reference Point.

8. What is H – Point?

H-Point is called the Hip Point.

9. Difference between “SgRP” and “ H – Point “?

The H-point is essentially identical to the Seat reference point. The sole distinction lies in how the Seat reference point is utilized by OEMs, who need to specify numerous points and locations from this reference point. Tier-1 suppliers refer to the Seat reference point as the H-point as they are not going to make use of other factors the OEMs use in designing the car.

10. What is heel point?

Heel Point is defined as the spot where the person's heel touches the vehicle floor. When referring to the driver, this point is termed as the accelerator heel point, while for passengers, it's known as the passenger heel point.

11. What is Oscar?

Oscar is the name given to the manikin or the device that is used to determine the vehicle's seating positions.

12. Difference between Oscar and Oscar Templet?

The 2D representation of the Oscar is known as Oscar Template and the 3D is called the Oscar Machine. While Oscar is the name given to the testing device or the manikin.

12. What is the purpose of Oscar ?

Oscar's main goal is to determine the seating position of the future occupant of the seat developed. It determines the H-point and also gives the designer an idea about the level of comfort and safety the seat can give.

13. What is Design H – Point and Actual H - Point?

Design H-Point is the point that is determined using 2D Oscar Template, while Actual H-Point is the point determined by the 3D Oscar Machine.

14. What is H-Point Window?

H-point window refers to the zone or the area wherein which the H-Point can change or vary along the XYZ directions while the seat is being adjusted.

15. Type of Oscar?

There are 3 types of Oscar depending on the body size,

• Small Woman: 104lbs (5% of the drivers)
• Mid-Sized Man: 169lbs (50% of the drivers)
• Large Sized Man: 226lbs (95% of the drivers)

16. What is the weight (in Kg) of 95 % Oscar ?

226lbs

17. What is the Importance of H – Point ?

The imporatnce of H-Point are:

• Having a proper H-Point is very important as it determines the vehicle occupants relation to every other control in the car while driving or just seating.
• Having a good H-Point is required for OEMs to test and measure accoding to the safety and regulation standard.
• In time the cushion in the seat will go down due to regular usuage and having a well planned and designed H-Point will make sure that this will not affect the comfort and the safety of the occupant in the vehicle.

18. How the tolerance of H – Point Given ?

The cushion in the seat can go gown in any of the Xand Z directions so the OEMs use circular or rectangular H-point zones as tolerance, it is usually the circular one preferered by many.

19. What is D – Point regarding a Seat ?

D-Point refers to the lowest point on the buttock contour in the manikin when the manikin is place in the installed position of the seat and the cushion goes down.

20. What is the full form of AHP ? Define its usage for seats ?

AHP is Acceleration Heel Point. It is the position of the occupants foot or the manikin's foot when it is placed on an un-depressed accelerator pedal from the seating H-Point position. Noramlly the foot angle wrt the accelerator pedal should be a minimum of 87º.

21. What is Hand Reach Envelop ?

Hand Reach Envelope is the zone where in which all the controls of the car are within the reach of the seating position of the occupant without any constraints while driving.

22. Types of Hand Reach Envelop ? And how it is categories ?

There are 2 types of hand reach envelopes that are categorized based on their importance while driving the car:

• Primary Hand Controls: Controls such as steering, gearshift, turn signal, ignition, seat belts etc should be available easily while wearing the seat belt.
• Secondary Hand Controls: Controls such as Audio, Navigation (Basically the entertainment console controls) should be available easily while in a seat belted position.

23. What is Back/Cushion Angle ?

Seat Back Angle: Angle between the torso line and the vertical line.

Cushion Angle: Angle between the inclination of cushion wrt the horizontal line.

24. What is Ischium?

The lowest bone of the 3 major pelvis bones in the human body. It is the point on which the Oscar machine's support sits on the seat.

25. What is Tail Burn ?

The condition where the occupnat who is seated on a seat experince pain in their buttock region after sitting for longer periods.

26. How lumber help driver ?

Lumbar is the lowest region of our backbone. It helps the passenger sit comfortably by providing the required support. Having a proper seat with lumbar support also helps in maintaining a good seating position that can avoid any injuries in the future.

27. During RFQ what is expected from OEM?

• Seat reference point
• Foot angle
• Knee angle
• Heel point
• Hip point
• Back angle.

1. What is the function of a seat ?

The main functions of a seat is to provide seating comfort and safety to the occupant. It should also adhere to the safety norms and regulations set by the authorities. The seat should also provide the best position for the driver to drive the vehicle without any obstruction in his views or comfort.

2. How the seat Support the Occupant ?

The seat is designed to provide the utmost support to the occupant by making use of the right cushion and recliner for the occupant. It also comprises of seat wings and bolsters that prevent the occupant from moving sideways while the vehicle is in motion therfore preventing any unnecessary movements.

3. How the seat Position the Occupant ?

Provide room to access all the controls in the car, hav ethe right H-point to make sure the occupant is seated comfortably in the right position, provide the right angle of vision both in and out of the vehicle views.

4. How seat provide comfort for the occupant ?

By suing the right cushion, the seat provides the right comfort for the occupant. Although the concept of comfort can vary for each individual, the seating design makes sure it satisfies a level of comfort for all. Making use of reciners for back also puts the occupant in comfort.

5. What is the full form of ILD? And how it is define ?

ILD: Indentation Load Deflection

It is defined as the amount of load a seat cushion can withstand after the seat cushion pad has been depressed by 50% of its original thickness.