PROJECT ON LOADS CALCULATIONS OF A G+1 RESIDENTIAL PLAN ACCORDING TO VAASTU SHASTRA

Load calculations for G+1 residential plan with Vaastu Shastra

PARAS UBALE

03.03.2022

MASTERS IN HIGH RISE BUILDING & PROJECT MANAGEMENT

AIM

To draw a plan of G+1 residential building according to Vastu Shastra and also perform load calculations as per the Indian Standard codes and list out the important drawing required on site.

INTRODUCTION

Vaastu Shastra:-

• Vastu Shastra is the Ancient Indian Science of architecture and acts as a guideline to design your home in a way that enhances positive Cosmic energy.
• Our nature is abundant with powerhouses of energy sources like the Sun, Wind, Moon, Water, Earth and Fire. (Basically all renewable types of resources)
• Effect of sun rays, the flow of winds, pull of earth's magnetic field and other such cosmic energies can be utilised properly to enhance the positive energy at home.
• A good home needs to radiate the right kind of energy.
• A person dwelling in a house comes under the influence of a specific energy field.
• Architectural changes are not possible for a ready to move house but we can still improve the standard of living.

Significance of Eight directions:-

• The four cardinal directions are
• North
• South
• East
• West.
• Four intercardinal directions are
• North-east
• North-west
• South-east
• South-west.
• Each direction signifies an aspect of life and is governed by various gods as per Vastu Shastra.
• North-Wealth
• South-Dharma
• West and East-overall prosperity

Basic principles of Vastu Shastra:-

• Shape:-

Rooms should be preferably square or rectangle.

• Room Basics:-

Rooms should be well ventilated, well lit, bright and clean.

• Home centre:-

The Centre of the house should be a space without any structures.

• Stairs and Furniture:-

Heavy furniture should be kept in the southwest direction.

• Water:-

Avoid keeping plants and water features(Paintings of waterfalls or water bodies) in the bedroom.

• Dining Table:-

The dining space should be near the kitchen and not near the main door.

• Mirror placement:-

The mirror facing the bed is Strictly Prohibited

Mirrors in the bedroom need to be placed in such a way that the bed cannot be seen.

Auspicious directions as, per Vastu Shastra:-

• Kitchen:-
• South-east is the best direction for the kitchen.
• North-east to be avoided.

• Staircase:-
• South-west is the best for stairs.
• North-east to be avoided.

• Toilet:-
• North-west is the best.
• North-east to be avoided.

• Master Bedroom:-
• South-west is the best.

• Guest Room:-
• North-west is the best.

• Living Room:-
• North-west is the best.

• Over Head Tanks:-
• The West is the best.

• Underground Tanks:-
• North-east is the best.
• South-west to be avoided.

Gateway (entrance) of the house

• The main entrance is the entry point for energy
• The main door should be strong and bigger than other doors in the house and made of superior quality wood preferably teak wood.
• The main door should not be dark because good energy is associated with bright and cheery places.
• Garbage bags, unwanted things and shoes should be kept away from the main door.
• The main door should open in words and ovoid creaking sounds.
• The main door should be constructed to ensure that when we step out, we face the north, east or in the northeast direction.
• Avoid placing animal statues near the door.

Living room

• The living room should be clutter-free and it is the place where the family spends the most time together
• The living room should face East, North or north-east, north-west
• Heavy furniture should be kept in the West or south-west direction of the living space
• Electronic appliances should be installed in the south-east section of the living room
• If the mirror is placed make sure it is placed on the northern wall
• An aquarium on the north or eastern wall for prosperity
• A bright picture of sunrise in the southern wall
• Shades of yellow, green, Beige and blue on the wall to Infuse liveliness and vibrancy.

Bedroom

• Bedroom in south-west direction brings good health and prosperity
• Avoids bedroom in North East as it may cause health issues
• Avoid in the south-east zone as it may cause quarrel among couples
• The bed should be placed in the southwest corner of the bedroom with the head facing West.
• Avoid placing a mirror or television in front of the bed because reflection causes fights and other domestic disruptions.
• Avoid having paintings depicting water or a fountain as it could cause emotional outbreaks
• The use of aromatic oil creates an oasis of calm.
• Never sleep with your head in the north
• Avoid overhanging beams in the room to enjoy good health
• Use solid wooden beds instead of Hollow wrought iron beds
• Paint the bedroom walls in neutral or earthly sheds that radiate positive energy
• Bedrooms are the place for rest and repose and it's good to have soothing wall colours for a peaceful Aura.

Pooja room

• Rooms in a house for meditation and prayers will ensure spiritual growth
• East or north-east part of your home is perfect for meditation, yoga and spiritual Pursuits
• Facing East when you meditate will increase positivity.
• White, Beige, Light Yellow or green are great colours options for meditation room
• Create a sacred altar and decorate it with candles or incense sticks.

Kitchen

• Following Vastu for kitchen insurers a healthy life for your families growth
• Keep water sink away from the gas stove
• The fridge needs to be placed at the southwest corner.
• Never let your kitchen face the washroom wall or share a common wall with it.

Study room

• Don't place the table facing a black wall or Window
• Placing a table in the north-east, east or west direction is ideal
• Select a square or rectangle shape for the study table
• Hanging bookshelves are best avoided

Courtyard

• Brahmasthan is a unique feature of ancient architecture based on Vaastu Shastra
• It is the centre of your residence and the holiest and most powerful zone
• Traditional home in Kerala, the Courtyard is always at the centre of the house
• This path should be perfect and cluster free
• The placement of kitchen bathroom or pillar/beam attracts negative energy

Important structural drawings for a project are

Central line drawing:-

• To mark the column positions
• It is needed in the beginning before excavating
• All the dimensions are represented from grid positions/grid lines
• Same grade positions architectural drawing
• Grid to grid dimension is also provided

Footings and column layout with reinforcement details

• The same dimension should be followed as Central line drawing
• The size of the footing as per design requirement is given here
• distance from the grid to the footing is also given
• Different types of footings can be drawn on the same drawing
• Standard footing details can be provided if there is a place in this drawing( ie. Footing schedule)

Column schedule with reinforcement details

• If there is no place in footing drawing standard size of footing or Footing schedule can be drawn here
• A Column schedule with
• Name of the column
• Size of the column
• Section of the column(Above and below ground level)
• The size and number of the stirrups is also represented here
• Reinforcement details of the column are provided in this drawing

Plinth beam layout with reinforcement details

• Columns that are connected by beams on the plinth level are drawn in this drawing
• these beams will be resting on the soil
• Shuttering of these beams is done after the refilling of footing Soil
• Beams that do not connect two columns should be specified separately, These are called secondary beams
• Cranking for reinforcement bar should be also given here for the beam
• Grouping of different plinth beams based on dimensions can be done but should be mentioned.

1st-floor beam layout with reinforcement details

• The same beam layout is followed as the first floor out reinforcement
• Need to mention where sunken slab needs to be provided for toilets
• Normal slab and first-floor beam details are provided in the same drawing, But for better clarity, we can also provide them separately
• The thickness of the slab and the dimension to which the slab needs to sink in the sunken slab is also provided in this drawing.

First-floor slab layout with reinforcement details

• No cranking is done at sunken slabs
• Crank details should be specified for the rest of the slab
• The dimension at which the Beam is cranked to the inner side of the beam should be mentioned clearly
• The main reinforcement with Centre to Centre distance and distributive Centre to Centre distance is provided
• Grid to grid dimensions can be avoided in this drawing as beam shuttering is already done

Lift plan and headroom reinforcement details

• Foundation for lift pit can be drawn here
• Waterproofing details for the pit is indicated in the drawing
• Beams at roof slab level are shown in the drawing
• These lenten beams requirements are taken from the vendor
• The roof slab of the lift is also drawn
• Left hook details should also be collected from the vendor
• The load acting on the hook is also important to be considered
• Floating columns may be required for overhead tanks or headrooms
• There are times when we cannot provide columns from the ground floor hence floating columns are given
• These floating columns rest about the beams

the important basic details that need to be covered in the drawing to ease the mode of construction

• Construct a basic template to print the drawing
• This template should have all information of the drawing on the right side of the sheet
• This information starts with notes on the drawing
• These notes can be followed throughout the drawing on the paper
• These nodes can be like
• only did written dimensions should be followed
• Grade of the concrete
• Clear cover for reinforcement
• Deshuttering time period
• Minimum curing time
• Grade of the bar and yield strength
• Section and lapping of bars
• Lap length
• Important information like
• the size of the printout
• The number of revisions
• Drawn by
• Checked by
• designed by
• A compass representing north south east west is also drawn
• Name of the project
• Name of the client
• Drawing title
• Drawing number
• Name of the company making the drawing

PROCEDURE

Sketch of ground floor plan

Dimensions of ground floor plan

Dining 3500 * 2300

kitchen 3500 * 2700

Master bedroom 4120 * 4000

bedroom 3500 * 3000

hall 3500 * 5000

W.C 1 1500 * 2500

W.C 2 1500 * 2500

Sketch of a first-floor plan

Dimensions of a first-floor plan

Pooja room 3500 * 2700

Study room 3500 * 2300

Drawing room 3500 * 5000

Veranda 3500 * 2700

Guest room 4120 * 4000

W.C 1 1500 * 2500

W.C 2 1500 * 2500

Other dimensions

Outer wall length (8700 + 11680 + 7080 + 12000)*2 = 78920mm/78.92m

Outer wall thickness = 230mm/ 0.23m

Inner wall length (29000)*2 = 58000mm/58m

Inner wall thickness = 120mm/ 0.12m

Number of column = 16*2

Number of beams = 20*2

Height of ground and first floor= 3500mm/ 3.5m

Calculations of load as per Indian codes

Dead load calculation

The dead load of the columns

• Dimensions of column: 300mm*300mm/0.3m*0.3m
• Height of the column: 2 slab thickness + Ground floor + first floor = 0.25+0.25+3.5+3.5 =7.5m
• The total volume of the column = 0.3 * 0.3 * 7.5 =`0.675 m^3`
• unit weight of RCC column =`25(KN)/m^3` (from IS 875 : part-1)
• Dead load of one column is = 0.675 * 25 = 16.875 KN

A dead load of beams

• Dimension of beam = 300mm * 450mm/0.3m * 0.45m
• The total volume of the beam per metre length = 0.3 * 0.45 * 1 = `0.135m^3`
• Unit Weight of RCC = `25 (KN)/m^3` (from IS 875 : part-1)
• The dead load of beam per unit metre length = 25 * 0.135 = 3.375KN

A dead load of slab

• the self-weight of a slab of 250 mm thickness and span 1m x 1m
• Total volume of the slab = `1*1*0.25` =`0.25m^3`
• Unit weight of RCC slab =`25(KN)/m^3`
• the dead load of slab 1m * 1m is =`25*0.25` = 6.25 KN

A dead load of walls

• The thickness of the external wall = 230mm/0.23m
• Unit weight of brick wall = `20(KN)/m^3`
• Height of ground floor and first-floor wall = 3500 mm/ 3.5m
• The volume of wall per unit metre = 3.5 * 0.23 * 1 = 0.805`m^3`
• Dead load of the ground floor and first floor walls per unit metre = 0.805 * 20 = 16.1KN
• The thickness of the internal wall = 120mm/0.12m
• Unit weight of brick wall = `20(KN)/m^3`
• Height of ground floor and first-floor wall = 3500 mm/ 3.5m
• The volume of wall per unit metre = 3.5 * 0.12 * 1 = 0.42
• Dead load of the ground floor and first floor walls per unit metre = 0.42 * 20 = 8.4KN

Live load calculation

• As per IS- 875 part 2 for the residential building live load are taken as `2 (KN)/m^3`
• For Staircase, verandah, the storeroom is `3 (KN)/m^3`

Wind load calculations

If the height of the building does not exceed 10 m wind load need not be considered

As this is a plan for a G+1 residential building There is no need to calculate wind loads as H= 7.5m

Still, if you want I have calculated wind loads with Assume values

Wind load for the given plan can be calculated using the formulas from (IS 875 part 3 2016)

`Pz=0.6 * Vz^2`

Pz= wind pressure at a height z in N/`m^2`

Vz = design wind speed at a height z in N/`m^2`

Vz = Vb*k1*k2*k3*k4

Vb= Basic wind speed

Let's consider the plan is situated in Hyderabad so the basic wind speed = 44

k1= Probability factor (risk coefficient )

Let's consider the mean life of the plot is 100 years so the risk of efficiency is equalled to 1.07

k2= Terrain height factor

We can assume that the K2 value falls under the category as

Category 1: Open terrain, no obstacles

category 2: Open terrain, well-scattered obstacles H=1.5 to 10m

category 3: Closely spaced obstacles of H=10m

[Next unlikely/rare]

Category 4: Highly closely spaced, a height greater than 25 metres

The height of the structure is 7.5m and is assumed to be an open train with well-scattered obstacles.

So we can now assume that the K2 value falls under category 2 from IS 875 part 3 = 1

k3= Topography factor

According to the slope and topography where the structure has plotted the value of K3 is 1 to 1.36Where theta is greater than 3 degrees

the slope and topography where the structure has plotted the value of K3 = 1.2

k4= Importance factor For Cyclonic region

According to IST 875 part 3, this plot of land has a K4 value of 1 as it is an ordinary structure

Now

Vz = Vb*k1*k2*k3*k4

Vz = 44*1*1.07*1.2*1 = 56.496 N/`m^2`

Then Pz=0.6* V2^2

Pz=0.6* `56.496^2`=1915.07 N/`m^2`

Pz = 1.91KN/`m^2`

RESULTS

By performing this project we have calculated Loads of G+1 residential plans built according to Vastu Shastra

The total dead load we got is:

• Dead load of one column is = 16.875 KN
• A dead load of beam per unit metre length = 3.375KN
• the dead load of slab 1m * 1m is = 6.25 KN
• Dead load of the ground floor and first floor walls per unit metre
• For External wall = 16.1KN
• For internal wall = 8.4 KN

The live load which we got is: 2 KN/`m^2`

For Staircase, verandah, the storeroom is 3 KN/`m^2`

The wind load which got is: There is no need to calculate wind loads as H= 7.5m

Despite this after calculation wind load value Pz = 1.91KN/`m^2`

CONCLUSION

I would like to conclude my project by stating that Vaastu Shastra is not only spiritually but also scientifically true For providing us with peace of mind and a healthy environment to live in. It is the accumulated knowledge of our ancestors.

REFERENCES

• IS 875: 1987 (part 1) for dead loads
• IS 875: 1987 (part 2) for live loads
• IS 875: 1987 (part 3) for wind loads
• SKILL LYNC COURSE