Project on Concrete Mix Design for various grades of Concrete

1. Stipulations for Mix Design Concrete

• Grade designation : M 35
• Type of cement : OPC 53 grade confirming to IS 8112
• Maximum nominal size of aggregate : 20 mm
• Minimum cement content : 340 kg/m³
• Maximum water-cement ratio : 0.45
• Workability : 50-100 mm (slump)
• Exposure condition : Very Severe (for reinforced concrete)
• Method of concrete placing : Pumping
• Type of aggregate : Crushed angular aggregate
• Maximum cement content : 450 kg/m³
• Chemical admixture type : Super Plasticizer

2. Test Data for Materials (to be determined in the laboratory)

• Specific gravity of cement : 3.12
• Specific gravity of Coarse aggregate : 2.74
• Specific gravity of Fine aggregate: 2.56

3. Target Strength for Mix Proportioning

f_target = f_ck + 1.65 x S

Explanation of terms:

‘f_target‘ is the target average compressive strength at 28 days,

‘f_ck‘ is the characteristic compressive strength at 28 days, and

‘s’ is the standard deviation

As per the table I of IS: 10262-2009 , standard deviation, s = 5.0 N/mm²

Therefore, target strength = 35 + 1.65 x 5.0 = 43.25 N/mm²

4. Selection of Water/Cement Ratio

From Table 5 of IS 456:2000,

Maximum water-cement ratio = 0.45

5. Selection of Water Content

From Table 2 of IS 456, maximum water content =186 litres (for 25 to 50 mm slump range) for 20 mm aggregate.

Estimated water content for 100 mm slump =186+(6/100) x 186 =197 liter.

(Note: If Super plasticizer is used, the water content can be reduced upto 20% and above.)

Based on trials with Super plasticizer water content reduction of 25% has been achieved, Hence the arrived water content = 197-[197 x (25/100)] = 147 litres.

6. Calculation of Cement Content

Water-cement ratio =0.45

Cement content = 147/0.45 = 350 kg/m³

From Table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for ‘Very Severe‘ exposure condition = 340 kg/m³

350 kg/m³ > 340 kg/m³, hence, O.K.

7. The Proportion of the Volume of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate Content

From Table 3 of IS 10262, volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm size aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone II) for a water-cement ratio of 0.50 = 0.62.

In the present case, the water-cement ratio is 0.45. Therefore, the volume of coarse aggregate is required to be increased to reduce the fine aggregate content.

As the water-cement ratio is lower by 0.10, the proportion of the volume of coarse aggregate is increased by 0.02 (at the rate of -/+ 0.01 for every ± 0.05 change in the water-cement ratio). Therefore. the corrected proportion of the volume of coarse aggregate for the water-cement ratio of 0.45 = 0.63.

NOTE – In case the coarse aggregate is not angular one. then also the volume of coarse aggregate may be required 10 be increased suitably, based on experience.

For pumpable concrete, these values should be reduced by 10 percent.

Therefore, volume of coarse aggregate = 0.63 x 0.9 = 0.567.

Volume of fine aggregate content =1 – 0.567 =0.433

8. Mix Calculations
9. a) Volume of concrete = 1m³
10. b) Volume of cement = (Mass of cement/Specific Gravity of Cement) X (1/1000)

= (350/3.12) X (1/1000)

= 0.112 m³

1. c) Volume of water = (Mass of water/specific gravity of water) X (1/1000)

= (147/1) X (1/1000)

= 0.147 m³

1. d) Volume of superplasticizer = (Mass of superplasticizer / Specific gravity of admixture) X (1/1000)

= (7/1.145) X (1/1000)

= 0.006 m³

1. e) Volume of all aggregate = (a-(b+c+d))

= 1 – (0.112 + 0.147+0.006)

= 0.735 m³

1. f) Mass of coarse aggregate = Volume of all aggregate X volume of coarse aggregate X Specific gravity of coarse aggregate X 1000

= 0.735 x 0.567 x 2.74 x 1000

= 1141.88 kg

g)Mass of fine aggregate = Volume of all aggregate X volume of fine aggregate X Specific gravity of fine aggregate X 1000

= 0.735 x 0.433 x 2.56 x 1000

= 814.73 kg

9. Concrete Mix Proportions

• Cement = 350 kg/m³
• Water = 147 kg/m³
• Super plasticizer = 7 kg/m³
• Fine aggregates = 814.73 kg/m³
• Coarse aggregate = 1141.88 kg/m³
• W/c = 0.45

Concrete Mix Ratio Obtained

The Mix Ratio of M35 as obtained is 1 : 2.32 : 3.26 (Cement : Fine aggregate : Coarse aggregate)

This is the procedure for mx design calculation of M35 grade concrete.

Explanation of terms:

‘f_target‘ is the target average compressive strength at 28 days,

‘f_ck‘ is the characteristic compressive strength at 28 days, and

‘s’ is the standard deviation

As per the table I of IS: 10262-2009 , standard deviation, s = 5.0 N/mm²

Therefore, target strength = 35 + 1.65 x 5.0 = 43.25 N/mm²

4. Selection of Water/Cement Ratio

From Table 5 of IS 456:2000,

Maximum water-cement ratio = 0.45

5. Selection of Water Content

From Table 2 of IS 456, maximum water content =186 litres (for 25 to 50 mm slump range) for 20 mm aggregate.

Estimated water content for 100 mm slump =186+(6/100) x 186 =197 liter.

(Note: If Super plasticizer is used, the water content can be reduced upto 20% and above.)

Based on trials with Super plasticizer water content reduction of 25% has been achieved, Hence the arrived water content = 197-[197 x (25/100)] = 147 litres.

6. Calculation of Cement Content

Water-cement ratio =0.45

Cement content = 147/0.45 = 350 kg/m³

From Table 5 of IS 456, minimum cement content for ‘Very Severe‘ exposure condition = 340 kg/m³

350 kg/m³ > 340 kg/m³, hence, O.K.

7. The Proportion of the Volume of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate Content

From Table 3 of IS 10262, volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm size aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone II) for a water-cement ratio of 0.50 = 0.62.

In the present case, the water-cement ratio is 0.45. Therefore, the volume of coarse aggregate is required to be increased to reduce the fine aggregate content.

As the water-cement ratio is lower by 0.10, the proportion of the volume of coarse aggregate is increased by 0.02 (at the rate of -/+ 0.01 for every ± 0.05 change in the water-cement ratio). Therefore. the corrected proportion of the volume of coarse aggregate for the water-cement ratio of 0.45 = 0.63.

NOTE – In case the coarse aggregate is not angular one. then also the volume of coarse aggregate may be required 10 be increased suitably, based on experience.

For pumpable concrete, these values should be reduced by 10 percent.

Therefore, volume of coarse aggregate = 0.63 x 0.9 = 0.567.

Volume of fine aggregate content =1 – 0.567 =0.433

8. Mix Calculations
9. a) Volume of concrete = 1m³
10. b) Volume of cement = (Mass of cement/Specific Gravity of Cement) X (1/1000)

= (350/3.12) X (1/1000)

= 0.112 m³

1. c) Volume of water = (Mass of water/specific gravity of water) X (1/1000)

= (147/1) X (1/1000)

= 0.147 m³

1. d) Volume of superplasticizer = (Mass of superplasticizer / Specific gravity of admixture) X (1/1000)

= (7/1.145) X (1/1000)

= 0.006 m³

1. e) Volume of all aggregate = (a-(b+c+d))

= 1 – (0.112 + 0.147+0.006)

= 0.735 m³

1. f) Mass of coarse aggregate = Volume of all aggregate X volume of coarse aggregate X Specific gravity of coarse aggregate X 1000

= 0.735 x 0.567 x 2.74 x 1000

= 1141.88 kg

g)Mass of fine aggregate = Volume of all aggregate X volume of fine aggregate X Specific gravity of fine aggregate X 1000

= 0.735 x 0.433 x 2.56 x 1000

= 814.73 kg

9. Concrete Mix Proportions

• Cement = 350 kg/m³
• Water = 147 kg/m³
• Super plasticizer = 7 kg/m³
• Fine aggregates = 814.73 kg/m³
• Coarse aggregate = 1141.88 kg/m³
• W/c = 0.45

Concrete Mix Ratio Obtained

The Mix Ratio of M35 as obtained is 1 : 2.32 : 3.26 (Cement : Fine aggregate : Coarse aggregate)

This is the procedure for mx design calculation of M35 grade concrete