Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1)

A) BATTERY

B) FUSE

C) BREAKER

D) GENARATOR

E) IGNITION COIL

F) AMMETER

G) STARTER

H) FOOT SELECTOR SWITCH

I) CURRENT REGULATOR 

J) VOLTAGE REGULATOR

2)

 

A). Battery:

   The battery is the primary source of electrical power in a vehicle. Its main purpose is to store electrical energy and supply it to various electrical components when the engine is not running.

The battery contains chemical cells that store electrical energy in the form of chemical reactions. When you start the vehicle, the starter motor draws power from the battery to crank the engine. Once the engine is running, the alternator takes over to recharge the battery and supply power to the vehicle's electrical systems. The battery also acts as a voltage stabilizer, helping to maintain a steady voltage for sensitive electronic components.

 

B). Starter Motor:

   The starter motor's primary purpose is to crank the engine and get it running when you turn the ignition key to the "Start" position.

   When you turn the key to "Start," an electrical current is sent to the starter motor. The starter motor engages with the engine's flywheel (or flexplate in an automatic transmission) and rotates it. This action turns the engine over, allowing the internal combustion process to begin. Once the engine starts running on its own, you release the key from the "Start" position, and the starter motor disengages.

 

C). Fuse:

   Fuses serve as protection devices for the vehicle's electrical system. Their purpose is to prevent excessive current from flowing through a circuit, which could lead to damage or even a fire.

   Fuses are rated for specific amperages, and they are installed in various circuits throughout the vehicle. If a circuit experiences an overload or a short circuit, the current passing through it exceeds the fuse's rating. When this happens, the fuse wire inside the fuse melts, breaking the circuit and preventing further electrical flow. This action effectively disconnects the faulty circuit, protecting the wiring and components downstream from damage. To restore functionality, the blown fuse must be replaced with one of the same amperage rating.

3)

Given that

load(I)=10A

fuse rating=?

Voltage(V)=30V

we know that;

P=V*I

P=30*10

P=300KW

fuse rating=I=(P*1.5)/V

I=(300*1.5)/30

I=15A

must maintain the fuse rating 25% greater than the total load. so that the fuse rating is to be 15A.

 

4)

Given that

I=10A

P=500W

V=?

C=?

wkt

P=V*I

V=P/I

V=500/10

V=50V

capacity (C)= I*T

=10*1

 

C= 10Ah

 

5)

A). Headlights:

Headlights are connected in parallel to ensure that they receive the same voltage supply regardless of whether the high beams or low beams are turned on. When headlights are connected in parallel, each headlight bulb has its own separate electrical path to the battery or power source. This arrangement allows both headlights to receive the full voltage and current they need for proper illumination. If headlights were connected in series (in which the current would pass through one headlight before reaching the other), the brightness of the headlights would be significantly reduced because the voltage would be divided between them.

 

B). Tail Lights:

   Tail lights, like headlights, are connected in parallel to ensure that they maintain consistent illumination regardless of the number of tail lights that are turned on. Whether it's just the parking lights, brake lights, or turn signals, each tail light bulb is connected to the power source in parallel with the others. This parallel connection ensures that each tail light receives the same voltage, providing consistent and uniform lighting at the rear of the vehicle. If tail lights were connected in series, turning on one light could affect the brightness of the others, which is not desirable for safety and visibility reasons.

6)

A) Battery:

       connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency

B) Ammeter:

An ammeter is a device which measures the amount of current flowing in a circuit. It is a very low resistance(nearly zero) device. If it will be connected in parallel, it would draw most of the current and would get damaged.