Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.

> Distributor

> Generator

> Starter

> Battery

> Ignition Coil

> Breaker

> Fuse

> Ammeter

> Ignition Switch

> Current and Voltage regulator

> Junction Block

> Foot selector switch

2.

a) Battery

It is a device which stores chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy. The chemical reaction in a battery involves the flow of electrons from one electrode to another through an external circuit and the flow of electrons provide an electric current that can be used to do work.

The chemical reation battery causes a build up of electrons at anode and this results in an electric difference between anode and cathode. The electrons wants to rearrange themselves to get rid of this difference , electrons repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons(cathode). But, the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed the electrons will be able to get to the cathode.

b) Ignoition Coil

It is the automobile's ignition system that transforms the battery's voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create an electric spark.

When the ignition switch is on, the current through the primary windings starts to flow, this creates magnetic field in the iron core around it. As contact breaks in the contact breaker, the primary current collapses. This also collapses the magnetic field in the core. The sudden breaking of magnetic field induces a very high voltage across the secondary winding. The high voltage is transferred to the spark plug through the distributor to produce spark for ignition.

c) Generator

They converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Generators are basically coils of electric conductors, normally copper wire, that is tightly wound onto a metal core and is mounted to turn around inside an exhibit of large magnets.

According Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, when a current carrying condutor is placed in a varying magnetic field, an emf is induced in the conductor. The direction of induced current changes whenever the direction of motion of the conductor changes(according to Fleming's right hand rule).

3.

Battery voltage = 12V

Total load = 10A

Power, P = V*I

= 12*10

= 120W

Fuse Rating = (P/V)*1.25

= (120/12)*1.25

= 12.5A

4.

V =12V

P =500W

P=V*I

I= P/V

= 500/12

= 41.66A

Battery Capacity = Load * Time

= 41.66 * 1 hour

= 41.66 Ah

5.

All the lights in this arrangement are connected in parallel. If any of the light in this arrangement got damaged in the circuit the other lights will work, thats why they are connected on parallel. If they are connected in series, all the lights in the arrangement will stop working if one light is damaged.

6.

Fuse and ammeter are connected in series with its components. If any over current is occured in the circuit, the fuse will blow and open the entire circuit , so the components get protected. Ammeter will measure the current flowing the circuit. Thats why they are connected in series.