Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Q1

MAJOR ELEMENTS OF ABOVE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1. BATTREY
2. FUSE
3. GENERATOR
4. SARTOR
5. BREAKER
6. AMMETER
7. FOOT SELECTOR SWITCH
8. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR
9. DISTRIBUTOR

Q2

MAJOR ELEMENTS OF CIRCUIT:

1. BATTREY
2. GENERSTOR
3. FUSE

• BATTREY

PURPOSE

IT IS A DEVICE THAT CONVERTS CHEMICAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. BY THE CHEMICAL REACTION IN A BATTREY ELECTRON FLOW FROM ANODE TO CATHODE THROUGH CIRCUIT AND IT ALSO PROVIDES ELECTRIC CURRENT THAT CAN BE USED FOR WORK.

WORKING

MAJOR ELEMENTS OF BATTREY

• ANODE – POSITIVE END OF THE BATTREY WHERE ELECTRONS EXIT A DEVICE
• CATHODE – NEGATIVE END OF THE BATTREY WHERE ELECTRON ENTER
• ELECTROLYTE – A LIQUID THAT ALLOWS FOR THE TRANPORT OF IONS
• LOAD – DEVICE THAT A BATTREY IS USED
• SEPREATOR – A MEMBRANE THAT PREVENTS FROM SHORT CIRCUIT

FOR CHARGING ACID-BASED, THE ELECTRON ARE FORCE TOWARDS ANODE, WHICH FORMS CHEMICAL REACTION AND HOLD ELECTRONS AND CHARGE THE BATTREY

FOR DISCHARGING BATTREY, FLOW OF ELECTRONS MOVE FROM ANODE TO CATHODE WHICH INVOLVES OXIDATION OF COMPOUND IN ELECTROLYTE WHICH CREATES FREE ELECTRONS. THOSE ELECTRONS ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED AND REPULSIVE TO EACHOTHERS. THOSE ELECTRONS ARE PUSHED TOWERDS THE WIRE DEIVCE CONNECTED.

MAIN REACTION IN BATTREY IS OXIDATION AND REDUCTION PROCESS, OXIDATION GAIN OXYGEN ATOMS AND LOSS OF HYDROGEN ATOMS AND IN REDUCTION LOSS OFF OXYGEN ATOMS AND GAIN OF HYDROGEN ATOMS

• GENERATOR

PURPOSE

IT IS A DEVICE WHICH CONVERTS MECHANICAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR TRANSMISSION. PORTABLE GENRATORS CAN BE RUN BY GAS OR DIESEL FUEL WHICH PROVIDES ELECTRICAL POWER AND ALTERNATOR GENERATE OPTIMUM LEVEL OF WATT WHERE ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE CAN BE USED

WORKING

COMPONENTD OF GENERATORS

• Frame – shields electrical parts and internal parts.
• Rotating shaft – connects to engine motor generators and spins the armature inside the stator
• Stator – magnetic field with large copper windings
• Armature – creates electromagnetic induction by spinning
• Bearing – reduce friction
• Field windings – a coil that creates magnetic field through which current passes
• Commutator – a conductor through which electricity collects
• Brush assembly – rubs against the commutator that sends electrical current out

TYPES OF GENERATORS

• AC GENERATOR – SINGLE PHASE GENERATORS <25kW
• DC GENERATOR – DIVIDED INTO THREE CATOGORIES SHUNT, SERIES, COMPUND.

• FUSE

Purpose

The primary use of fuse is to protect electrical equipment’s from excessive current and to prevent short circuits. They are also used for safety purpose for human.

Working

The electrical fuse works on heating effects of electric current. If a high amount of electricity is passed from the Electric Fuse, there is a production of heat which causes the Fuse to melt which leads to the opening of the Circuit and the blockage of Current, Once a Fuse melts, it can be changed or replaced with a new Fuse. A Fuse is normally made up of elements like zinc, copper, aluminium and silver. A Fuse acts as a circuit breaker and breaks the circuit in case any fault occurs in the circuit. It acts as a protector of Electric appliances and as a safety measure for humans. The figure below represents a Fuse operation, Fuse barrel and Fuse link.

Q3

• I= 10 A
• POWER = CURRENT * VOLTAGE
• [For IDEAL Car Battery Voltage is 12 V]
• Power = 12*10 = 120 Watt
• (Fuse Rating is 1.25 FOR IDEAL CAR)
• Power for Fuse Rating = 120 * 1.25 = 150 Watt
• I = P/V = 150/12 = 12.5 A

Q4

• P=I*V
• 500 = 12 * I
• I = 500/12 = 41.67 A
• Capacity = Current * Time
• Capacity = 41.67 * 1 Hr = 41.67 Ah

Q5

PARALLEL CONNECTION

• GENERATOR
• CURRENT AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR

AS ABOVE GIVEN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM BOTH HAVE THE SAME VOLTAGE ACROSS THEIR ENDS.

Q6

SEREIES CONNECTION

• BATTERY
• STATOR

BOTH ARE CONNECTED IN SERIES BECAUSE THE BOTH HAVE SAME CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH THEM