Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.

• Generator
• Battery
• Fuse
• Ignition coil
• Current and Voltage regulator
• Ammeter
• Starter
• Distributor
• Lights
• Horn
• Switches

2.

(1) Generator:-

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical ernergy for transmission and distribution of power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial purpose. Generators also produce the electrical power required for automobiles, aircrafts, ships ande trains.

Types of generators:- 1. AC generatots

2. DC generators :- 1. Separately excited

2. Self excited :- Series generator

Shunt generator

Compound generator

(2) Battery:-

A battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering elecrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terimnal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.

• A battery is a collection of cells
• The chemical reactions occuring in the cells of a battery result in the flow of electricity in a circuit.
• The first battery was invented by an Italian physicist Alessandro Volta, in 1800.
• A battery stores energy.

Types of battery:- 1. Primary batteries :- Can not be recharged (Single use batteries)

Ex. Zinc-Carbon batteries, Alkaline batteries, Magnesium batteries

2. Secondary batteries :- Can be recharged

Ex. Li-ion batteries, Lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries

(3) Fuse:- A fuse commonly consists of a current conducting strip or wire of easily fusible metal that melts and thus interupts the circuit of which it is a part, whenever that circuit is made to carry a current larger than that for which it is intended. In other words we can say that a fuse is a safety device which protects the overflow of current through any wire or circuit to avoid any damage.

Types of fuse:-

1. AC fuse:-

• Cartridge fuse
• Drop out fuse
• Rewireable fuse
• Stricker fuse
• Switch fuse

2. DC fuse :-

• Cartridge fuse
• Automotive fuse
• Resettable fuse
• Semiconductor fuse
• Over voltage suppression

3. If the total load is 10A from battery , the fuse rating should not be much higher than 10A upto 10 to 12A it can carry the current.

4. P=500W

lets assume the voltage of battery be 12V

According to formula, P=VI

500=12I

I=500/12

I=41.67A

and for 1 hour capacity of battery will be 41.67Ah

5. Two elements which are connected in parallel are Parking lamp and Horn

In parallel connectivity, each appliance has a separate switch. So, If one electrical appliance stops working due to some defect/short circuit, then all other appliances keep working normally. Also, all the appliances connected in parallel wiring get the same voltage, which is the same as the power supply line.

6. Two elements which are connected in series are Fuse and Brake light

Components connected in series are connected along a single "electrical path", and each component has the same electric current through it, equal to the current through the network.