Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1.Answer

• Starter
• Battery
• Distributer
• Generator
• Breaker
• Ammeter
• Junction box
• Fuse
• Igntion coil
• Foot selector switch

2.Answer

Battery;

A battery is a device that store energy and then discharges it by converting chemical energy into electrical energy.typical batteries most often produce electricity by chemical means through the use of one or more electrochemical cells.many different material can and have been used in batteries but the common battery type are alkaline,lithium-ion,lithium -polymer, and nickel-metal hydride.Batteries can be connected to each other in a series circuit or a parallel circuit .Batteries are small essential components to operate many devices it is one of the key components in our day-to-day life.some batteries are rechargeable batteries and are used in each and every sector, it is given below some of the applications are used in batteries.

• Automotive
• Home inverter
• Health instruments
• Medical environments
• Firefighting and Emergency Response
• Military use
• Mobile Phones
• Electric vechicle

working principal;

• A battery is a device that store chemical energy and converts it to electice energy.
• The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material(electrode)to another,through an external circuit.
• The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.
• To balance the flow of electrons,charged ions also flow through an electrolyte solution that is in contact with both electrodes.
• Different electrodes and electrolytes produce different chemical reactions that affect how the battery works,how much energy it can store and its voltage.

Generator;

In electricity generation,a generator is a device that converts motive power or fuel-based power into electric power for use in an external circuit.sources of mechanical energy include steam turbine,gas turbine,water turbine,internal combustion engine,wind turbines and even hand crank,generators are useful appliances that supply electrical power during a power outage and prevent discontinuity of daily activities or disruption of business operation.generators are available in different electrical and physical configurations for use in different applications.Generators also produce the electrical power required for.

• Automobiles
• Aircraft
• Ship
• Trains

Working principal;

• A generator uses the provided mechanical energy and force the flow of present electric charges inside the wire of its windings.
• This flow of electric charges makes the output electric current used for different purposes
• In simple words,generators generate electrical energy by capturing the power of movement and turn it into electricity by forcing electrons of external source through an electrical circuit.
• Generators are the same as electrical motors but they work in reverse.
• generator works based on the principal of electromagnetic induction introduced by michael faraday in the 19th century.this law says that when a conductor moves inside a magnetic field,the electrical charges are created and can be led to make a flow.
• A generator is just a couple of rotating wire near or inside a magnet or magnetic field that causes the electrical current.

Fuse;

An electrical fuse is a safety device that operates to provide protection against the overflow of current in a electrical circuit.an important component of an electrical fuse is a metal wire or strip that melts when excess current flows through it,the help to protect the device by stopping or interrupting the current,

Working principal;

• Electric current can flow through a conductor only when the circuit formed is complete.if there is a break in the loop,electric charges cannot flow through.
• when current passes through a conductor,the different electrical components of the circuit like the devices attached or even the wire itself,offer resistance to the current flow.
• The work done to overcome this resistance presents itself in the form of heat.
• The primary use of an electric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive current and to prevent short circuits or mismatched loads.
• Electrical fuses play the role of miniature circuit breakers.
• Apart from protecting equipment,they are also used as safety measures to prevent any safety hazards to humans.
• The fuse can be replaced or changed with the new one with suitable ratings .the fuse can be made up of the element like zinc,copper,silver& aluminum.

3.Answer

Given data;

load =10A

solution;

power =Voltage*current

(for typical car battery voltage is 12v)

power=12*10

=120watt

Fuse rating is 25% more than actual power rating

power for fuse rating =120*1.25

=150watt

I=P/V

I=150/12.

I=12.5A

Fuse rating for 10A load should be=12.5A

4.Answer

Give data

Power(P)=500W

voltage(V)=-12V

solution:

Power=Voltage*current

(for recommended voltage is 12v)

500=12*current

current=500/12

current=41.67A

capacity=current*Time

capacity=41.67*1Hr

=41.67Ah

The recommended capac8ity is =41.67Ah

5,Answer;

The above image Generator with current voltage and regulater are connected in parallel if two are more companents are connected in a parallel the have the same differential of potential voltage across their ends,

6,Answer;

The above image Battery connected in series with high voltage to improve the drivability and energy efficiency,an ammeter is a device which measures the amount of current flowing in a circuit ,it is a very low resistance device.if it will be connected in parallel,it would draw most of the current and would get damanged.