Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Question 1:-

Major elements are:

1. Battery,
2. Generator,
3. Voltage & Current Regulator,
4. Ammeter,
5. Ignition Switch
6. Ignition coil,
7. Distributor,
8. Starter,
9. Fuse,
10. Light Switch,
11. Beam Light,
12. Fuel gauge,
13. Horn,
14. Horn Button etc.

Question 2:-

1.Generator:- Purpose :- To convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Working :- When a coil of conductive material passes throw a Magnetic field, some current starts to flow in the coil. So with the help of the mechanical energy the coil is used to continuously move in the megnetic field to generate electricity. Further this electrical energy is used to charge the battery.

2.Voltage and Current Regulator :- Purpose :- To regulate the voltage and current in the circuite upto the rated value.

Working :- Multiple Trangistor, Capacitor, Diod and other electrical component is used to regulate and control the current and voltage. Because engine runs at different RPMs, that is why the current and voltage generated by the generator is not constant. so to solve this problem we use these regulator. it also makes sure that circuit is protected by over current.

3.Distributor:- Purpose :- To control the ignition timing of defferent cylinder of IC Engine.

Working :- The distributor have a rotating contactor connected with crank shaft, so when engine starts it also starts rotating. It consists of terminal point on a periferal path, which is connected with spark plug in firing ordor of different cylinder. This way distributor supplies current to spark plugs at correct time.

Question 3:-

Given that the total load current is 10Amp on the battery, so if we use the fuse of 10A it will burn at 10A(max load), which is not desirable. so in general we use fuse of 25 percent higher rating. So we should use fuse with 12.5 amp rating or of higher rating, But in common use we will use fuse with 15A rating.

Question 4:-

Given that power consumption (P)= 500 watt,

for automobiles recommended battery voltage (V)=12 volt

So Current required (I) = P/V = 500/12= 41.67 amp

recommended battery capacity = 41.67 Ah of C-rating =1 (but in normal condition we should use 12V 50Ah battery)

Answer:- Voltage =12Volt, Capacity=41.67 Ah, C-rating =1,

Question 5:-

Both the Beam Lights are connected parellel to each other.

Reason :- In parellel connection there will be same voltage accross both the beam light,so they will glow at same intensity. Also if we connect them in series the the voltage accross the beam will be reduced to half of the intial condition which will cause in intensity reduction of the beam light.

Note :- same with the both HORN

Question 6:-

Ignition switch and Ignition coil are connected in series to each other.

Reason :- In series connection corrent flows throw all the component, So when we turn ON Ignition switch it closes the circuit and current flows throw the Ignition Coil and it starts the engine. And when we turn OFF Ignition switch it opens the circuit and current stops flowing from the Igntion Coil, so engine stops running.

Similarly lights and light switch are connected in series.