Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit
1.Identify each of the major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram.
Solution:
1.Generator
2.Battery
3.Distributor
4.Starter
5.Ignition Switch
6.Braker
7.Ammeter
2.Explain the purpose and working of any three elements briefly.
Solution:
Generator :
The generator is a major element and its basic principle is to convert mechanical energy into electric energy. It is machine that produce electric energy in the form of voltage & current.It produces electricity based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.This law say that wherever a conductor is put among a varifying magnetic field, the electromagnetic flux is induced.
There are two different types of generator known as AC (Alternating current) & DC (Direct Current).
Generator produces electricity by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electric energy by forcing electrons for the external source through an electric circuit.A generator is essentially an electric motor working in reverse.
There are major parts attached to generator and they play a role in getting power to where it is needed most.The parts of generators are:
- Engine
- Alternator
- Fuel system
- Voltage regulator
- Cooling and exhaust system
- Lubrication System
- Control Panel
- Battery charger
Battery:
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.The chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another, through an external circuit. The flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work.To balance the flow of electrons, charged ions also flow through an electrolyte solution that is in contact with both electrodes.Different electrodes and electrolytes produce different chemical reactions that affect how the battery works, how much energy it can store and its voltage.
Batteries are classified into two categories those are Primary Battery And Secondary Battery. Primary batteries can be charged only once.when these batteries are completely discharged, the become useless.Secondary Batteries are can be charged and resumed many times the electrochemical reaction that take place inside the battery are reversible.
Examples:
Primary Battery: zinc-carbon cell,alkaline zinc-maganese dioxide cell.
Secondary Battery: lead acid, lithium-ion, nickel-cadamium.
Ammeter:
It is instrument for measuring either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) electric current, in amperes. An ammeter can measure a wide range of current values because at high values only a small portion of the current is directed through the meter mechanism; a shunt in parallel with the meter carries the major portion.
In the thermal (or hot-wire) ammeter, used primarily to measure AC with accuracies of 0.5 to 3 percent, the measured current heats a piece of wire, and the current is indicated by how much the wire expands. Digital ammeters, with no moving parts, use a circuit such as the dual slope integrator to convert a measured analog (continuous) current to its digital equivalent. Many digital ammeters have accuracies better than 0.1 percent.
3.If the total load is 10A from battery, what should be the fuse rating?
Solution:
Data given:
load of battery:10A
Power (p)=500 watts
Fuse Rating=1.25*full load current
Fuse Rating =1.25*10
Fuse Rating=12.5 A
4.If 500W is the load, what is the voltage and capacity of battery you recommend?
Solution:
Data given:
Power (p)=500
Voltage(V)=12 V
we have to find current
P=V*I
I=P/V
I=500/12
I=41.66666667 A
Battery capacity (ampere hours rating)=CURRENT *TIME
Assume T(hours)=24
Battery capacity (ampere hours rating)=41.6666667*24 A-H
Battery capacity (ampere hours rating)= 1000 A-H
Battery capacity (WATTS HOURS)=Voltage * A-H
Battery capacity (WATTS HOURS)=12*1000 watthours
Battery capacity (WATTS HOURS)=12000 watthours.
5.Identify any two elements which are connected parallel to each other. Why they are connected in parallel?
Solution:
The beam of light and tail stop lights are connected in parallel because the voltage remains the same across the bulb.
6.Identify any two elements which are connected in series. Why they are connected in series?
Solution:
Ammeter and Battery are connected in series because the current remains the same.