Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1. Major Elements in the given automotive wiring diagram

• Ignition Switch.
• Ignition Coil.
• Spark Plug.
• Distributor.
• Breaker.
• Battery.
• Starter.
• Ammeter.
• Fuel Gauge.
• Instrument Lights.
• Light Switch.
• Fuse.
• Horn Button.
• Beam Light.
• Tail Stop.
• Stop Limit Switch.
• Gas Tank Unit.
• Dome Light Switch.
• Dome Light.
• Plate Light.
• Foot Selector Switch.
• Current and Voltage Regulator.
• Generator.(Like a Dynamo)
• Parking Lamp.
• Sealed Beam.
• Horn.
• Junction Block.
• Ground.

2. Brief Explanation and Working of three elements.

• Sealed Beam Light: It is a head light used in vehicles to help the drivers for path vsibility during night and also to give signals to the drivers who are coming from the opposite side. It is controlled by foot selector switch and the power supply to it by the battery. Wiring for the sealed beam light is from Battery to light switch which is inter connected to the fuse, then to foot slector switch, to junction box and then to sealed beam light.There are two lights linked to this, one is low beam light(dimmer light) which is used in city limits during night to identify the vehicle is on the road and another one is high beam light which is used in highways for the larger visibility of the road. Generally there are three types of sealed beam lights used in market and those are xenon lights, halogen lights and LED lights. Now a days LED lights are majorly used.
• Battery: It is a device which stores energy in it and supplly energy whenever needed. Typically in a vehicle, led acid battery is used. In a vehicle, it is a most important part and without it we cannot run the vehicle. It gives power to start the ignition of the vehicle, it gives power to light the headlight, tail lamps, parking lights, indicators, music player, AC, etc. It is recharged from the generator present in the system (vehicle) with the help of Current and Voltage Regulator.
• Ignition Coil: It is a device which takes power from battery and gives power to spark plugs to create an electric spark for ignition of fuel. Ignition coil converts low voltage from the battery to high voltage to the spark plug. Continuous change of magnetic field in coil induces electric current. Main factors which influence the high voltage generation in coil are (a) Faster change of magnetic field and strenghth of magnetic field induces high voltage. (b) Total number of windings in the coil. Higher the number of windings, higher the voltage induced in it. There are two windings present in this coil, one is primary and another is secondary. Generally Secondary windings are 100 times more winding than that of primary winding, which converts to high voltage(1000's of volts) from a 12 Volt supply.

3. If total load of 10 A connected to the system, fuse rating for the total load is much greater than 10 A, probably of 14-15 A capacity fuse should be used.

4. Total load = 550W, Voltage =? and Capacity of Battery, Q = ?

I = 10 A, P = 550 W, Assume T = 1hour.

P=V*I & E=P*T.

E=P*T = 550*1 = 550 Wh.

E=V*I*T

550=V*10*1

V=550/10=55 Volts.

E=V*Q

550=55*Q

Q=550/55=10Ah.

5. Two elements connected in Parallel to each other.

Sealed Beam Light and Horn. These two are connected in parallel because voltage across these devices should be same or equal to be operated.

6. Two elements connected in Series to each other.

Dome Light Switch and Dome Light. These two are connected in series because to control the flow of current to the light.