Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

Objective:

To identify each of the major elements in the automotive diagram and describe the components briefly and evaluate the practical difficulty problems.

1.The major elements in the automotive diagram are

*Battery

*Generator

*Fuse

*Ignition coil

*Breaker

*Starter

*Distributor

*Junction Block

*Current and voltage Regulator

*Foot Selector Switch

*Ammeter

*Instrument Lights

*Junction Block

*Beam &Horn

2.Working Of elements

(i) Battery : Battery is a source of electric power which converts electrochemical cell to power electrical device.Battery is one of the source of supply which generates electric power and regulate through current and oltage regulator and supplied to the generator which is then distributed to the distributor.

Common batteries used are Li-ion & Zn metals which are high energy metals.Among these we can expect Sodium ion battery to dominate the future battery supply because compared to sodium ion,Li-ion seems to be a rare metal.

(ii)Generator : Generator is device which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy to be used in an external circuit.Generator works on the princiople of Faradays Law of Electromagnetic inducion.

Generator also generates electric current both AC & DC Depending on the construction and requirements.

A generator generates electric power AC or DC which is then stored in the power station and transferred through transmission Lines.

Fuse : A fuse is an electric device which operates to avoid protection againts the overflow of current in an electrical circuit.An important component of electrical fuse is a metal wire or strip that melts when excess current flows through it.

Since fuse is always placed in series with the flow and electric current only passes through the fuse.When high current flows more than the required rating fuse would intermit the current flowing through.

3.

Since the total load is 10 A ,Fuse rating is decided based on the Maximum load of the electrical supply.

Fuse rating is always higher than maximum load.

Hence Fuse rating = 1.5* total load.

=1.5 * 10 A

Fuse rating = 22.5 A

4.

From the given data 500W is the load.

To find the Capacity &voltage of the battery,

We know that,Power=Voltage * Current

500 = V* 10

Voltage ,V= 500/10=50 V

Capacity of the battery = Current * Time

For Example if we take time as 12 hrs

Capacity ,C= 10 *12

Capacity of the battery C=120 Ah

Volatge of the battery = 50 V

5.

The two elements connected in parrallel are Spark Plugs & Instrument Lights in the circuit.

The circuits are connected in parallel because in a circuit if any of the connection are interupted,it would not affect the flow of the other circuit.

Instrument Lights: Instruments Lights such as Parking beam& beam Lights are connected in parrallel in the circuit beacuse to ensure no interrupt in the flowing circuit and ensure mamimum supply.

Beam lights are a projection of light energy from a light source for which power is supplied from the external source.

Spark Plugs: Spark Plus is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion chamber to ignite the compressed air from electric spark.The main function of the spark plug is to produce a spark at the required time to ignite the combustion chamber.

Spark plugs are connected in parrallel in the circuit beacuse to ensure no interrupt in the flowing circuit and ensure mamimum supply.

6.

The two elements connected in series are Fuse & Ammeter.

The circuits are connected in series because to ensure constant current to flow through the circuit irrespective of the Load.

Fuse : A fuse is an electric device which operates to avoid protection againts the overflow of current in an electrical circuit.An important component of electrical fuse is a metal wire or strip that melts when excess current flows through it.

Fuse is connected in series because to interrupt the High current to flow through the circuit which may damage the circuit.

Ammeter : Ammeter is a device which is used for measuring current both AC & DC.It is used for measuing current at higher ranges.

Ammeter is always connected in series with the circuit in which the current is to be measured because to measure the current in a accurate manner.