Project - Analysis of a practical automotive wiring circuit

1. The major elements in the above automotive wiring diagram are;

• Battery
• Starter
• Breaker
• Horns
• Junction box
• Lights
• Fuse
• Switch
• Distributer
• Ammeter
• Generator
• Ignition coil
• Current and voltage regulator system

2. The purpose and working of any three elements are following;

Battery purpose;

• The main purpose of Batteries is to energize the components in the system.
• It is one of the key components of our day-to-day life.
• Some batteries are rechargeable batteries and are used in each and every sector.
• The applications of batteries; Automotive, House, Medical, Construction, Fire fighting, Military, Toys

Battery working;

• A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy.
• The chemical reactions in the battery cause a build-up of electrons at the anode. This results in an electrical difference between the anode and the cathode. You can think of this difference as an unstable build-up of the electrons. The electrons want to rearrange themselves to get rid of this difference. But they do this in a certain way. Electrons repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons.
• In a battery, the only place to go is to the cathode. But, the electrolyte keeps the electrons from going straight from the anode to the cathode within the battery. When the circuit is closed (a wire connects the cathode and the anode) the electrons will be able to get to the cathode. JEPG, the electrons go through the wire, lighting the light bulb along the way. This is one way of describing how electrical potential causes electrons to flow through the circuit.
• However, these electrochemical processes change the chemicals in anode and cathode to make them stop supplying electrons. So there is a limited amount of power available in a battery.

Fuse purpose;

• This protects the wiring and the appliance if something goes wrong.
• The fuse contains a piece of wire that melts easily.
• If the current going through the fuse is too great the wire heats up until it melts and breaks the circuit
• The fuse breaks the circuit if a fault in an appliance causes too much current to flow.
• The applications of the fuse; Automotive, House, Medical, Construction, Fire fighting, Military, Toys

Fuse working;

• The fuses work on the principle of the heating effect of the current.
• It’s made up of a thin strip or strand of metallic wire with non-combustible material.
• This is connected between the ends of the terminals.
• Fuse is always connected in series with the electrical circuit.

Generator purpose;

• A generator is also called a dynamo.
• It converts mechanical energy into electricity for transmission and distribution over power lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers.
• Generators also produce the electrical power required for; automobiles, aircraft, ships, trains etc.

Generator working;

• Generators don’t actually create electricity. Instead, they convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• They do this by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electrical energy by forcing electrons from the external source through an electrical circuit.
• A generator is essentially an electric motor working in reverse.
• Some electrical generators, such as those at Hoover Dam, for example, are huge and provide enormous amounts of energy by transferring the power created by water turning turbines into electricity.

3. The total load is 10A from the battery, and the fuse rating should;

Given:-

Current I = 10A

Voltage Va = 12V

To Find:-

The fuse rating Ireq=?

Solution:-

We know V=IR

So, Rreq=12/10=1.2ohm

The fuse rating, Ireq=V/Rreq=12/1.2=10A~15A

4. The voltage and capacity of battery you recommend

Given:-

Load P = 500W

Time T = 24Hrs

Voltage Va= 12V

To Find:-

Voltage V and capacity C =?

Solution:-

We know V=Va=12V

So, Mean Capacity=Load*Time

Capacity Current C= Mean Capacity/ Voltage

Mean Capacity=500*24=12000 WHrs

Thus, Capacity Current C =12000/12= 1000Ah

5. Two elements are connected parallel to each other because;

Generators with current voltage and Current and voltage Regulator systems are connected in parallel because they have the same voltage across their ends as shown in the above figure.

6. Two elements are connected in series to each other because;

The battery and Starter are connected in series to each other because the same current flows throw them as shown in the above figure.