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<!-- [if !supportLists]-->1. <!--[endif]-->Suggest an alternate material to Natural Material to be used in Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning Units. Mention the reasons of selecting the material and its advantages over Natural Rubber.
Comparing Physical Properties
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->EPDM is best known for being an outdoor rubber due to its outstanding resistance to outdoor damaging factors, such as ozone, UV rays, and oxidation. Natural rubber will become damaged when exposed to ozone or UV rays for extended periods of time.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->Because natural rubber is organic and does not contain the same chemicals used in the production of synthetic EPDM rubber, it is highly susceptible to ozone cracking. For example, “Rubber surfaces contains many flaws, where cracks can be initiated via ozone attack. Increasing stress will increase the number of flaws, which leads to a larger number of cracks… Ozone has high reactivity. Every ozone molecules react with a chain of polymer molecules and break the chain”.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->Both EPDM and natural rubber has a high tensile strength, low compression set, excellent surface friction, and good shock absorption properties which allows both materials to be used in industrial settings;
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->however, an EPDM part will be adaptable to more settings due to its outdoor resistance. EPDM is the ideal outdoor rubber that is a more versatile material capable of being used both indoors and outdoors without degrading after exposure to outdoor environments
Comparing Chemical Properties
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->Both industrial EPDM and natural rubber have excellent chemical-resistance properties that allow them to provide protection against certain chemicals and solvents.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->An industrial natural rubber part is generally resistant to most organic salts, ammonia, acids, and alkali solutions. On the other hand, an industrial EPDM part will have excellent resistance against anti-freeze, synthetic detergents, acetone, boric acid, ethanol, formaldehyde, mercury, potassium sulfate, silver nitrate, saccharin, and even steam.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->Furthermore, an EPDM part will have a wider operating temperature range of -40 degrees Fahrenheit to 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->This wide operating temperature range coupled with excellent chemical-resistance makes EPDM rubber sheeting a popular material for making industrial seals and gaskets.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->Ø <!--[endif]-->Although both elastomers hold a high degree of chemical resistance, EPDM rubber is best used as outdoor rubber or as heavy-duty materials for abrasive applications whereas natural rubber is better suited for light to medium-duty applications that do not involve overly abrasive chemicals and temperatures.
<!-- [if !supportLists]-->2. <!--[endif]-->Draw a Schematic diagram of the Injection molding process with a proper description
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<!-- [if !supportLists]-->3. <!--[endif]-->Consider a Plastic material used in Automotive application and discuss on the manufacturing process involved with flowcharts
Plastics commonly used in automotive manufacturing
Because plastics are lightweight and affordable, they’re an incredibly attractive option for automotive manufacturers today. As fuel efficiency becomes an increasing concern for consumers, any decrease in weight can translate directly into a boost in sales. What’s more, plastics are corrosion-resistant, long-lasting, malleable, and offer greater design freedom than metals.
The following plastics are among the most likely to be used in car manufacturing, though polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyvinyl chloride are by far the three most commonly-used.
Polypropylene
By far the most common plastic in automobiles, polypropylene is a highly durable polymer produced from propylene. Because of its durability and chemical resistance, polypropylene is used in everything from bumpers to cable insulation to carpet fibers.
Polyurethane
Polyurethane, which can take on both soft and hard forms, is exceptionally resistant to solvents, radiation, and environmental wear. Because of these qualities, polyurethane is well-suited for numerous applications, including tires, suspension brushes, seating, and more.
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride makes up approximately 16% of all plastic in a typical modern vehicle. Boasting flexibility, heat resistance, and low lead content, polyvinyl chloride is well-suited for a huge range of auto parts, particularly because it can also take on both soft or hard forms.
ABS
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a polymer of styrene and acrylonitrile, has a shiny, tough exterior but very high durability and heat resistance. ABS is most typically used to produce dashboards and wheel covers.
Nylon 6/6
A general-use nylon, nylon 6/6 promises high wear resistance and can be used to make parts via both molding and extrusion processes. It’s favored for its strength, low cost, and stability, and it’s commonly found in weatherproof coatings.
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonate provides an exceptional combination of rigidity, hardness, and durability. Because of these qualities, as well as its resistance to heat and weathering, polycarbonate is a go-to material in the manufacturing of car bumpers.
Polyethylene
Offering high-impact resilience, low density, and durability, polyethylene is particularly suitable for applications requiring moisture resistance at a relatively low price point. Typically, polyethylene is used for glass-reinforced car bodies and electrical insulation.
Polyoxymethylene
Highly rigid and stable, polyoxymethylene is most often used to fabricate interior and exterior trims, fuel system parts, and small gears. It’s notably resistant to cold, chemicals, and fuel.