Project

Losses in Electric Vehicle

In an electric vehicle if we see without or with regenerative braking system then we will find three type of main losses and they are:

1. Electric Drive Losses which is about 20 % and occurs in electric motor.

2. Charging Losses which is 10 % and it occurs at time of charging where heat generate and losses occurs.

3. Accessory Losses is about 8 % and in electric vehicle there are many accessories which run through battery like car AC, Audio player, Heater etc. Also, the accessory losses may increase up to 30 % depending upon what kind of accessories we are using inside the electric vehicle.

So, the total losses are 38 % and the power available to run the vehicle is 62 %.

On other side if we talk about electric vehicle with regenerative braking system then we will get 17 % increase in energy. Also, after 38 % of losses we will get 79% of power to run the vehicle.
Here I have used excel calculator to find the power available for wheels.

Losses in An Electric Vehicle without regenerative
braking system

Losses in An Electric Vehicle with regenerative braking system

Losses in IC Engine Vehicle

Now we move to Internal combustion engine and here we observe that there is basically five type of energy losses and they are:

1. Engine Losses i.e 70 % is the major loss in Internal combustion engine and these losses generally occurs due to reciprocating and rotating of crankshaft, connecting rod and piston. Also, the main losses are due to combustion phenomena and heat transfer.

2. Another 5 % losses are due to drivetrain

system.

3. Patristics Losses is about 6 %.

4. Idle losses are 3 %.

5. Also, in IC engine vehicle there is 4 % accessories losses.

So, In IC engine the total losses are 88% and the actual power to run the vehicle is 12 %.

Losses in an IC Engine Vehicle

Equal efficiency or advantage of an electric vehicle over internal combustion engine

Electric vehicles are propelled by one or more electric motors powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric vehicles have several advantages over internal combustion engine vehicles.

• Electric Vehicles convert over 77% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels.

• Electric Vehicles emit no tailpipe pollutants.

• Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than internal combustion engines.
Drawback of electric vehicles

• Electric Vehicles have a shorter driving range. Fully recharging the battery pack can take 3 to 12 hours. Even a fast charge to 80% capacity can take 30 min.

Conclusion of Overall Efficiency

A battery-operated electric vehicle has many advantages over internal combustion engine but also there is drawback of electric vehicle that the vehicle cost is high as compared other engine vehicle. Also, the running distance of battery operated electric vehicle is less that means a full charged electric vehicle only cover a distance of 250-300 km whereas internal combustion engine vehicle with full tank of fuel covers 450-650 km.

If we see the overall efficiency gain of electric

vehicle to propel the wheel without regenerative

braking system then it is 62 % and by using

regenerative braking system the overall efficiency

gain is 79 % whereas the overall efficiency of

internal combustion engine to run the wheel is 12

%. So, we see that there is 50 % - 67 % difference

in efficiency to run the wheel.