Project 2 - Measuring the distance of an object using ultrasonic sensor and also smoothen the sensor data using moving average filter

Measuring the distance of an object using ultrasonic sensor and also smoothen the sensor data using moving average filter

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x20, 16, 2); // Format -> (Address,Width,Height )

#define echoPin 2 // attach pin D2 Arduino to Echo pin of Sensor module
#define trigPin 3 // attach pin D3 Arduino to Trig pin of Sensor module

long duration; // Declare variable to store echo time duration

int distance; // Declare variable to store the result (distance)


void setup()
{
lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight(); // Turn on the Backlight

pinMode(trigPin,OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an OUTPUT

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an INPUT

// Serial Communication is starting with 9600 of baudrate speed
Serial.begin(9600);

// The text to be printed in serial monitor
Serial.println("Distance measurement using Arduino Uno");


delay(500);
}

void loop()
{
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = duration * 0.0344 / 2;
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");

lcd.clear(); // Clear the display buffer
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // Set cursor for "Distance:" (Column, Row)

lcd.print("Distance:"); // print "Distance:" at (0, 0)
lcd.setCursor(0,1); // Set cursor for output value (0, 1)

lcd.print(distance); // print Output in cm at (0, 1)
lcd.setCursor(4, 1); // move cursor to (4, 1)
lcd.print("cm"); // print "cm" at (4, 1)

delay(100);
}

Arduino

It is an open-source electronics platform. It consists ATmega328 8-bit Microcontroller. It can be able to read inputs from different sensors & we can send instructions to the microcontroller in the Arduino. It provides Arduino IDE to write code & connect the hardware devices like Arduino boards & sensors.

An ultrasonic Sensor is a device used to measure the distance between the sensor and an object without physical contact. This device works based on time-to-distance conversion.

Working Principle of Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by sending and receiving the ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic sensor has a sender to emit the ultrasonic waves and a receiver to receive the ultrasonic waves. The transmitted ultrasonic wave travels through the air and is reflected by hitting the Object. Arduino calculates the time taken by the ultrasonic pulse wave to reach the receiver from the sender.

We know that the speed of sound in air is nearly 344 m/s,

So, the known parameters are time and speed (constant). Using these parameters, we can calculate the distance traveled by the sound wave.

Formula: Distance = Speed * Time

In the code, the “duration” variable stores the time taken by the sound wave traveling from the emitter to the receiver. That is double the time to reach the object, whereas the sensor returns the total time including sender to object and object to receiver. Then, the time taken to reach the object is half of the time taken to reach the receiver.

so we can write the expression as,

Distance = Speed of Sound in Air * (Time Taken / 2)

Note: Speed of sound in air = 344 m/s.

SIMULINK LINK :

https://www.tinkercad.com/things/fuzhIshCFIQ-surprising-blad-kup/editel?tenant=circuits