Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

AIM: To create a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCAD

OBJECTIVE:-

The main objective of this project is to review and refresh almost most of the tools which will be used by a Professional engineer while drafting a 3D drawing. This will start from the initial drafting in 2D using lines and rectangles to rendering in 3D. The entire project can be completed in 9 steps and are as follows.

1. To draw the plan using AutoCAD 2D.
2. To draw the Elevation using AutoCAD 2D.
3. To project walls to convert the plan from AutoCAD 2d to AutoCAD 3D.
4. Designing and placing of 3D doors, swinging louver, sliding window, normal window
5. To draw the slab of thickness 0.12m
6. To draw the over head room and Place the elevation window
7. To draw the Parapet Wall
8. To Apply the material properties from material browser
9. Rendering

INTRODUCTION:-

• The main objective of this project is to understand about to create a Plan in 2D, then convert it into 3D using AutoCAD 3D, applying materials and rendering.
• AutoCAD is primarily used for generating 2D sketches. While it is possible to create 3D objects, AutoCAD is built around a flat, sketch-based interface. There is a wide range of pre-defined 3D objects in AutoCAD. These objects are cylinders, spheres and wedges and many more. But then users use 2D objects and modify them using the 3D commands accordingly. So, AutoCAD 3D commands like Extrude, Sweep, Revolve, and Union are used by the users.
• Also, the user must know the importance of the Viewport feature if they are working on 3D Models. The viewport command allows the user to split the drawing area into different windows to project multiple views of the model. These include the top, front, left/right views of the object. This feature works great for the user and helps them to observe the model from different aspects. Some 2D and 3D tools which was used while working on this project is as follows;

2D TOOLS:-

• Line: The line object is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD drawings of any discipline. Each segment is a line object that can be edited separately, assigning properties such as layer, line type, and line weight.
• Construction Lines: Construction lines (also known as xlines) are temporary line work entities that can be used as references when creating and positioning other objects or line work. Construction lines are either circles or straight lines that extend to infinity in both directions
• Polygon: Creates an equilateral closed polyline. We can specify the number of sides of the polygon and whether it is inscribed or circumscribed.
• Rectangle: When using the RECTANGLE command, absolute or relative coordinate values are used to define the size of the rectangle. Actual dimension values are preferred to create the length and width of the rectangle. Command used- REC
• Circle: Created a circle Command used - CIRCLE or C
• Erase: The erase command is used to remove or delete objects from the drawing. The selected objects can also be removed with the help of the 'Delete' button on the keyboard. We can also delete faces, vertices, and meshes in 3D with the help of Erase command.
• Copy: Copies objects a specified distance in a specified direction. With the COPYMODE system variable, you can control whether multiple copies are created automatically.
• Trim: Trims objects to meet the edges of other objects. Command used: TR
• Layers: Use layers to control the visibility of objects and to assign properties such as colour and line type. Objects on a layer normally assume the properties of that layer. However, you can override any layer property of an object. For example, if an object’s colour property is set to BYLAYER, the object displays the colour of that layer. If the object’s colour is set to Red, the object displays as red, regardless of the colour assigned to that layer. Command used- LAYER
• Mirror: The mirror command in AutoCAD is used to create a copy (mirror copy) of the selected object. We can also delete the source object after mirroring the object. The objects that represent the same as the half of their object can be mirrored across a center line to create the other half of the object.
• Offset: Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves. Command used: OFFSET.
• Extend: Extends objects to meet the edges of other objects. To extend objects, first select the boundaries. Then press Enter and select the objects that you want to extend. To use all objects as boundaries, press Enter at the first Select Objects prompt. Command used: EX
• Array: Creates copies of objects arranged in a pattern. We can create copies of objects in a regularly spaced rectangular, polar, or path array.
• Move: The move command in AutoCAD is used to move objects at a specified distance and direction. To move the objects with precision, we can use object snaps, grid snaps, coordinates, etc.
• Rotate: Used to rotate objects in our drawing around a specified base point. To determine the angle of rotation, we can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or specify a reference angle to align to an absolute angle. Command used: ROTATE
• Dimension: Creates multiple dimensions and types of dimensions with a single command. We can select objects or points on objects to dimension, and then click to place the dimension line. When we hover over an object, the DIM command automatically generates a preview of a suitable dimension type to use.
• Text: We can use single-line text to create one or more lines of text, where each text line is an independent object that you can move, format, or otherwise modify. Right-click in the text box to select options on the shortcut menu.
• Fillet: The fillet tool helps form round corners between any two entities that form a sharp vertex. Command used: FILLETEtc.

3D TOOLS:-

• Revolve: Draw> Modelling> Revolve
• Extrude: Draw > Modeling > Extrude. This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
• Sweep: Draw > Modeling > Sweep. This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
• Union: Modify > Solids Editing > Union. This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
• Subtract: Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract. This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
• Intersect: Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect. With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.

RENDERING:

• Rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D objects in a scene. A renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the materials attached to the objects in a scene, and how lighting and shadows are calculated based on the lights placed in a scene.
• Environmental and exposure settings of the renderer can be adjusted to control the final rendered image.

APPLYING MATERIALS:

• Click Visualize tab Materials panel Materials Browser. Find
• Select the objects which you want to assign the material.
• In the Materials Browser, right-click the material to assign and choose Assign to Selection.
• The material is assigned to the objects.

APPLYING A MATERIAL USING THE PALETTES:

• Click View tab Palettes panel Tool Palettes. Find
• On the Tool Palettes window, click a tab to set the tool palette current.
• Drag a material tool from the tool palette onto the object.

APPLYING A MATERIAL BY LAYERS:

• Click Visualize tab Materials panel (expanded) Attach by Layer. Find
• In the Material Attachment Options dialog box, drag a material from the Materials list onto a layer in the Layers list.
• The material is assigned to all objects on the layer whose Material property is set to ByLayer. (ByLayer is the default for the Material property when you create an object.)

TO REMOVE APPILIED MATERIALS:-

• Click Visualize tab Materials panel (expanded) Remove Materials.
• Select an object whose material you want to remove.
• The material is removed from the object and replaced by the ByLayer material.

PROCEDURE:-

Step 1: To draw the plan using AutoCAD 2D.

• Type UN and press enter. Under Drawing Units, select Engineering and Now the lower limit is set to 0, 0 and upper limit to 1000, 1000. Type Z enter to zoom and A enter to all. Default layers for materials like walls, windows, grills, steps and stairs, dimensions and text was made and was assigned with a colour.

• Using the line, rectangle, construction lines the plan layout of a single residential building was prepared as shown. One portico is placed at right side.

• Doors, windows and chajja was provided at places necessary as shown in plan.

• The staircase and steps, Common lobby was made next.
• Plinth projection and slab projection are also shown.

• By providing a suitable style all the required texts was also made
• Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed.

Step 2: To draw the Elevation using AutoCAD 2D.

• Using construction lines (XL - V), vertical lines are projected from the plan and using (XL-H) place the horizontal line.
• Plinth is drawn - height 0.6m by using offset command
• Using offset command floor height is shown that is 3m
• In plan view there is a portico column in parking. Project the column of 3m in elevation.
• Using offset command Slab thickness height is shown that is 0.12m
• Using offset command Parapet wall is shown height is shown that is 0.9m
• Using offset command drawn a over head room on terrac with height of 2.18
• Using Line command ground level symbol is drawn
• Trim off the extras.

• Windows and doors are as shown are drawn

• Using hatch command hatch is made in plinth that is gravel ymbol.
• Stairs are also drawn in elevation as shown.

• By providing a suitable style all the required texts was also made
• Using the DIMLIM command the dimensioning was completed.

STEP 3: To project walls to convert the plan from AutoCAD 2d to AutoCAD 3D.

• Now in settings select 3D Modelling and visual style control to 2D wireframe to move to AutoCAD 3D.
• A copy of the residential flat was made to work with. View use is south west isometric view.
• Turn off all layers except the wall layer.
• Select the entire drawing and type J to join the entire drawing.
• Now click on Extrude command in the home tab and press enter, move mouse in upward direction and specify height as 3m and press enter. Now the 3D wall is formed.
• Using the REC command draw a rectangle connecting the top of all door openings.
• After drawing all the rectangles select the Extrude command in the home tab and press enter, move mouse in downward direction and specify height as 0.6m and press enter. Now the door cut-outs of 2.4m is formed.
• Also it means that the lintel beam will be at a height of 2.4m from the plinth level.
• Now using the Union option in solid editing panel select the complete drawing to union all the elements in the drawing.
• Now turn off the wall layer and turn on the window layer.
• Using the REC command rectangle was drawn across all the window portion at the plinth level. Select all the rectangles just formed and move rectangle upwards by 2.4m.
• Using the subtract option in solid editing panel the window
• Rectangles was subtracted from the wall and thus the window cut-outs was made

• Now Using the Move command, move the polyline made downwards to the plinth level. Using the extrude command extrude the polyline by 0.1m hence forming the floor. From the 2D plan created, using the polyline draw lines connecting the staircase, common corridor and lift room. Then with copy command copy the polyline and place it in 3D plan using the end points selected. Now extrude the polyline downwards by 0.1m to obtain the common corridor. Also draw polylines at the plinth level throughout and using offset command offset it outward by 0.6m. Join all the polylines just created using the joint command and then extrude the polyline by 0.1m upwards to create the plinth

• Now, move the 3d wall upwards 0.6m and then copy the solid plinth at corner and place it under the 3d wall.
• Make then union.
• Extrude stairs from each step that is 0.15m.
• Extrude parking floor to 0.1m

STEP 4: Designing and placing of 3D doors, swinging louver, sliding window, normal window

• The 3D doors, swinging louver,sliding window, normal window and glass grill was designed using the tools polyline, sweep, extrude, union, 3D rotate, subtract command etc.
• On the visualize tab click on material library and apply suitable materials for 3D doors, swinging louver,sliding window, normal window and glass grill as shown.
  We can apply materials by just dragging the materials from the library to the object which is to be materialized.

• Using copy command place the door and windows in the building by picking the mid point at the corner of the window or door.

STEP 5: To draw the slab of thickness 0.12m

• Using Polyline command redraw the line for extruding the slab of thickness and place it over the 3d wall.
• Using box command draw the box over the stairs.
• To delete the slab over the stairs use subtract command select all object and then click on the box made. So that the box made is deleted automatically.

• Place the Slab over the 3d wall use the pick point as 3d wall.

• To place the Chajja's over the window. Go to place and extrude the the block 0.1m.

• Using the union command join all the chajja made.
• Move the chajja's by picking the point at the corner odf the 3d wall.
• And then place it at the 3d wall level.
• And then move it. That is at 1.2m

STEP 6: To draw the over head room and Place the elevation window

• Draw the over head room by using plan make a polyline on either side.
• Using boundary command make it as a region and extrude it to 2.18m
• And extrude the slab to 0.12m

• Place the elevation window.

STEP 7: To draw the Parapet Wall

• Go to plan view. Make a polyline, extrude the region to 0.6m
• And then place on the slab

STEP 8: To Apply the material properties from material browser

• Before applying/assigning the material. Change the view to realistic. Change the face to SE view.

• All of the materials was copied upto the number of times it was required, using th 3D rotate command it was rotated to the required direction and then they all are placed at their respective positions at shown.

STEP 9: Rendering

• Rendering at eagle’s eye was done here.
• The camera was placed at necessary places around the whole building at some height.

• Grass Site work was applied at floor from materials library in visualisation tab.
• Rendering was done and the resultant images from different camera position is as shown.

OVERALL RESULT:

The 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCAD is made. The entire project is done in 9 steps and are as follows.

1. The plan using AutoCAD 2D is made.

2. The Elevation using AutoCAD 2D is made.

3. To project walls to convert the plan from AutoCAD 2d to AutoCAD 3D is made.

4. Designing and placing of 3D doors, swinging louver, sliding window, normal window is made

5. The Slab of thickness 0.12m is made in autocad

6. The over head room is drawn and Place the elevation window

7. The Parapet Wall is drawn

8. The material properties from material browser

9. Rendering