COVID-19 Vaccination Trend Analysis

· Aim

To Know How the Covid-19 has spread the nation and methodology of Covid-19 and analysis

· Introduction

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment

· Problem Statement

To deal with COVID-19, various countries have made many efforts, including the research and development of vaccines. The purpose of this manuscript was to summarize the development, application, and problems of COVID-19 vaccines.

· Methodology

To deal with COVID-19, Various countries have made many method of preventing of COVID-19. We found that different types of vaccines had their own advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the side effects of the vaccine, the dose of vaccination, the evaluation of the efficacy, and the application of the vaccine were all things worth studying.

· Analysis

Vaccine effectiveness and impact document provides interim best practice guidance on how to assess COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) using observational study designs. It discusses critical considerations in the design, analysis and interpretation of COVID-19 VE evaluations, as biased results may be produced even in settings where data completeness and quality are high. This guidance is targeted mostly for evaluations undertaken in low- and middle-income countries but most of the concepts apply to VE evaluations in high-income settings as well.

· Insights

The Economic Survey 2022-23, tabled by Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs Nirmala Sitharaman in the Parliament today says that as on January 6, 2023, India has been able to administer more than 220 crore Covid-19 vaccine doses across the country.

About 97% of eligible beneficiaries have already received at least one dose of Covid-19 vaccine and around 90% have received both the doses. Also, 22.4 crore precautionary doses have been administered

India's National Covid-19 Vaccination Programme, which is the world's largest vaccination programme, began on January 16, 2021. Vaccination for the age group 12-14 years was started on March 16, 2022, followed by the precautionary dose for the age group 18-59 years starting from April 10, 2022.

· Recommendations

There are different types of vaccines

• Moderna

Age indication	Vaccine composition	Vial cap color	Label border color	Dilution required	Dose	Injection volume
Primary series vaccination
6 months–5 years	Monovalent	Dark blue	Magenta	No	25 µg	0.25 mL
6–11 years†	Monovalent	Dark blue	Purple	No	50 µg	0.5 mL
12 years and older	Monovalent	Red	Light blue	No	100 µg	0.5 mL
Booster vaccination
6 months–5 years	Bivalent	Dark pink	Yellow	No	10 µg	0.2 mL
6–11 years	Bivalent	Dark blue	Gray	No	25 µg	0.25 mL
12 years and older	Bivalent	Dark blue	Gray	No	50 µg	0.5 mL

• Novavax

Age indication	Vaccine composition	Vial cap color	Label border color	Dilution required	Dose	Injection volume
Primary series vaccination
12 years and older	Monovalent	Royal blue	No color	No	5 µg rS and	0.5 mL
					50 µg of Matrix-M™ adjuvant
Booster vaccination
18 years and older	Monovalent	Royal blue	No color	No	5 µg rS and	0.5 mL
					50 µg of Matrix-M™ adjuvant

• Pfizer-BioNTech

Age indication	Vaccine composition	Vial cap color	Label border color	Dilution required	Dose	Injection volume
Primary series vaccination
6 months–4 years‡	Monovalent	Maroon	Maroon	Yes	3 µg	0.2 mL
(1st and 2nd doses)
6 months–4 years	Bivalent	Maroon	Maroon	Yes	3 µg	0.2 mL
(3rd dose)
5–11 years	Monovalent	Orange	Orange	Yes	10 µg	0.2 mL
12 years and older	Monovalent	Gray	Gray	No	30 µg	0.3 mL
Booster vaccination
5–11 years	Bivalent	Orange	Orange	Yes	10 µg	0.2 mL
12 years and older	Bivalent	Gray	Gray	No	30 µg	0.3 mL

• Janssen

Age indication	Vaccine composition	Vial cap color	Label border color	Dilution required	Dose	Injection volume
Primary series vaccination
18 years and older	Monovalent	Blue	No color	No	5×1010 viral particles	0.5 mL
Booster vaccination
18 years and older	Monovalent	Blue	No color	No	5×1010 viral particles	0.5 mL

· Conclusion

We found that different types of vaccines had their own advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the side effects of the vaccine, the dose of vaccination, the evaluation of the efficacy, and the application of the vaccine were all things worth studying.