Project 1

Crutches are a type of walking aid that serve to increase the size of an individual's base of support. They transfer weight from the legs to the upper body and are often used by people who cannot use their legs to support their weight (from short-term injuries to lifelong disabilities).

Crutch Type

There are three types of crutches: axilla crutches, elbow crutches and gutter crutches.

• Axilla or underarm crutches: They should be positioned with 2 fingers of distance between the axilla and the axilla pad with the elbow flexed between 20-30 degrees.The design includes an axilla bar, a handpiece and double uprights joined distally by a single leg. They are adjustable in height; both the overall height and handgrip height can be adjusted (adjustable approximately 48 to 60 inches / 12 to 153 cm).
• Forearm crutches: (or lofstrand, elbow or Canadian crutches). Their design includes a single upright, a forearm cuff and a handgrip. The height of forearm crutches is indicated from handgrip to the floor (adjustable from 29 to 35 inches / 74 to 89 cm).
• Gutter Crutches: (or adjustable arthritic crutches, forearm support crutches) An additional type of crutch, which is composed of a padded forearm support, made up of metal, a strap and adjustable handpiece with a rubber ferrule. These crutches are used for patients who are partial weight bearing, and are particularly useful for clients with rheumatoid conditions.

Measurement

It is essential that crutches are measured and adjusted to suit every patient they are given to. While the incidence of adverse events related to crutch use is low, series medical complications can occur. Adjusting the device to fit the user may reduce adverse events.

Indications

Crutches may be indicated if a patient:

• Has lost the use of a limb (it is either injured or amputated).
• Is having problems with balance and impaired strength.