Project 1

Aim:- 

1] Build Simulink model using blocks and complete the vehicle model.

2] Writting scripts in MATLAB to load all the variables required for running the Simulink model.

3] Tabulate the fuel economy numbers (kmpl) for UDDS and HWFET cycle. 

4]  Plot the time trace for engine, transmission input, transmission output and wheel speed on one plot.

5] Plot engine torque, engine power, fuel rate and fuel consumption using subplots.

6] Plot accelerator and brake pedal, gear command, vehicle desired and actual speed, vehicle distance using subplots.

7] Plot the engine operating points on the engine fuel map.

8] Generate the plots for both drive cycles.

9]  Study of Conventional vehicle simulink model and creates graphs.

Energy based models- Element models

To models the internal physical properties of the element and the losses there are basically two kinds of approach.

1] Map based models:- Elements are modeled using maps which characterized the relationship between the input and output , output and losses etc.

2] Analytical models:- Elements are modeled using physical equation that represent the internal dynamics. These are the two extremes most models are a combination of the two with some dynamics models analytically and for some using maps.

In this model We use Forward Model:-

It also known as dynamic simulation. Dynamic models are used for detailed simulations. In this model force/torque/power is the input and the vehicle state variable velocity and acceleration are outputs. The models and simulatios are more realistic due to phhysical casualty hence appropriate for control development. There is feedback loop to meet the desired vehicle state. It is mainly used to simulate a vehicle on a driving cycle to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the system helps significantly in control development.

MATLAB scripts:-

Used to load all the variables required for running the Simulink model and for post-processing. The drive cycle selection is also done here. Before running the Simulink vehicle model, run this initialization script.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development

% Project 1 - Conventional Vehicle Model

% By - Ullekh Gambhira

 

�scription:

 

%% Initialization File

% Initialization file for loading the variables for the Conventional vehicle simulation model

 

%% Vehicle Parameters

M = 1500; % Vehicle weight [kg]

Cr = 0.015; % Rolling resistance coefficient

Rw = 0.35; % Rolling radius [m]

Cd = 0.33; % Drag coefficient

Af = 2; % Frontal area [m2]

rhoa = 1.225; % Air density [kg/m3]

Vwind = 0; % Wind velocity [kmph]

g = 9.81; % Gravitational acceleration [m/s2]

theta = 0; % Slope [deg]

myu_road_tire = 1; % Coefficient of friction between tire - road interface

 

%% Powertrain Parameters

FDR = 3.73; % Final Drive Ratio / Diff Ratio

DiffEff = 0.99; % Differential efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

 

NumGear = 4; % Number of gears in transmission

TransGear = 1:NumGear; % Transmission Gears

TransRatio = [3.06, 1.62, 1, 0.7]; % Corresponding Transmission ratios

TransEff = 0.90; % Transmission efficiency (assumed independent of operating conditions)

 

TC_SR = [0, .5, .6, .7, .8, .87, .92, .94, .96, .97, 1]; % Torque Converter Speed Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbSpd/PumpSpd

TC_TR = [2.232, 1.5462, 1.4058, 1.2746, 1.1528, 1.0732, 1.0192, 1, 1, 1, 1]; % Torque Converter Torque Ratio (Matlab default) -> TurbTrq/PumpTrq

TC_Cf = 1e-4 * [.72558, .66322, .63463, .59042, .51331, .4144, .29287, .22444, .12186, .04386, 0]; % Torque Converter Capacity Factor (Matlab default) -> PumpTrq/PumpSpd^2 [Nm/rpm^2]

 

load Vehicle_Data/Engine_data_1_9L_Saturn_95kW

load Vehicle_Data/Trans_Shift_map

 

%% Driver Parameters

Kp = 10; % P gain for driver PI model

Ki = 1; % I gain for driver PI model

Drive_Cycle_Select = 1; % Drive cycle selection

 

% Drive cycle values in m/s

 

if Drive_Cycle_Select == 1

load DriveCycles/UDDS;

 

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 2

load DriveCycles/HWFET;

 

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 3

load DriveCycles/FTP;

 

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 4

load DriveCycles/US06;

 

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 5

load DriveCycles/NEDC;

 

elseif Drive_Cycle_Select == 6

load DriveCycles/WLTP;

 

end

 

time_end = cyc_time(end);

vel_end = cyc_vel(end);

 

• After uploading the program file
• start run simulation file
• edit the block as requiered by using the teachig vedio
• We want to design engine block and vechile dynamic block

Edited Block are given below:

Engine Block

 

vehicle dynamic Block

vehicle speed

this Block we want ot edit clearly.

other Blocks are

Project1_Vehicle model

driver block

controller block

Engine control unit

Transmission unit

Brake control unit

Powertrain

transmission:

Differential

Wheels

Engine and vehicle dynamic blocks are added above.

Understand each ans every block design to complete project.

-->upload second programe

%% Skill-Lync -> Hybrid Drives Development

% Project 1 - Conventional Vehicle Model

% By - Dharmesh Ravindra Bonde

 

�scription:

% The following file is to used with the Initialization file and Simulink

% results for post-processing of the data.

% The file is incomplete, has some examples of how the data is imported

% into a readable format, data analysis and plotting examples.

�sed on the project task, use commands in a similar format as given

�low, to analyse the data and generate required plots.

% You can change variable names if desired

 

%% Post-Processing File

% File for post-processing the Conventional vehicle simulation model data

 

%% Renaming variables

Time = out.tout;

Acc_Pdl = out.Acc_Pdl; �celerator pedal [%]

Brk_Pdl = out.Brk_Pdl; % Brake pedal [%]

Gear_Cmd = out.Gear_Cmd; % Transmission gear

Trans_In_Spd = out.Trans_In_Spd*30/pi; % Transmission input speed [rpm]

Trans_Out_Spd = out.Trans_Out_Spd*30/pi;% Transmission output speed [rpm]

Eng_Trq = out.Eng_Trq; % Engine brake torque [Nm]

Eng_Spd = out.Eng_Spd*30/pi; % Engine speed [rpm]

Eng_Fuel_consump = out.Eng_Fuel_Consump; % Engine fuel consumption [g]

Veh_Dist = out.Veh_Dist/1000; % Distance traveled by vehicle [km]

Veh_Spd = out.Veh_Spd*18/5; % Vehicle speed [kmph]

Wheel_Speed = out.wh_speed; % Wheel speed [kmph]

Eng_Fuel_Rate = out.Eng_Fuel_Rate % Engine fuel rate [%]

 

%�ta Analysis

Eng_Pwr = (Eng_Spd*pi/30) .* (Eng_Trq/1000); % Engine brake power [kW]

rho_petrol = 0.7197; �nsity of petrol [kg/L]

kmpl = Veh_Dist(end)/(Eng_Fuel_consump(end)/1000/rho_petrol); % Fuel economy [kmpl]

 

 

%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace transmission IN/OUT and Wheel Speed

figure(1)

hold on

grid on

plot(Time, Trans_In_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

plot(Time, Trans_Out_Spd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');

%plot(Time, Wheel_Speed, 'linewidth',1, 'color', 'blue')

ylabel('Speed [rpm]')

xlabel('Timem [s]')

xlim([0, Time(end)]);

ylim([0, 6000]);

legend('Trans Input','Trans Output','Wheel Speed');

 

%% Plotting vehicle characteristics time trace to Engine speed, Engine Torque, Engine Power,

% And Engine fuel rate, Engine fuel consumption

�ta conversion from Double Timeseries

 

%Eng_Spd = Eng_Spd.Data(:,1); % engine speed

%Eng_trq = Eng_Trq.Data(:,1); % engine torque

%Eng_pwr = Eng_Pwr.Data(:,1); % engine power

Eng_Fuel_Rate = out.Eng_Fuel_Rate % engine fuel rate

%Eng_fuel_consumption = Eng_Fuel_Consump.Data(:,1); % engine fuel consumption

%Veh_dist = Veh_Dist.Data(:,1); % vehicle distance

%Veh_spd = Veh_Spd.Data(:,1); % vehicle speed

% Plotting Engine speed, Engine Torque, Engine Power,Engine fuel rate,Engine fuel consumption wrt Time

figure(2)

subplot(2,2,1)

plot(Time,Eng_Trq,'linewidth',1,'color','black')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Torque [Nm]')

legend('Engine Torque')

grid on

subplot(2,2,2)

plot(Time,Eng_Pwr,'linewidth',1,'color','blue')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Power [KW]')

legend('Engine Power')

grid on

subplot(2,2,3)

plot(Time,Eng_Fuel_Rate,'linewidth',1,'color','red')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Fuel Rate [%]')

legend('Engine Fuel Rate')

grid on

subplot(2,2,4)

Time = linspace(0,105,length(c));

plot(Time,c,'linewidth',1,'color','red')

xlabel('Time [s]')

ylabel('Fuel Consumption')

legend('Engine Fuel Consumption')

grid on

 

% Plotting fuel economy Vs Engine Fuel consumption

figure(3)

plot(Eng_Fuel_consump,Eng_Fuel_Rate,'color','r')

xlabel('Fuel consumption')

ylabel('Fuel Rate [%]')

title('Fuel economy Vs Fuel Consumption')

grid on

 

%% Potting Accelerator pedal, Brake pedal and gear command with respect to time

figure(4)

subplot(2,1,1)

hold on

Time = linspace(0,137734,length(Acc_Pdl));

plot(Time, Acc_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

plot(Time, Brk_Pdl, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');

ylabel('Pedal [%]')

xlabel('Time [s]');

xlim([0, Time(end)]);

grid on

legend('Accel','Brake');

title('Acceleration & Brake Pedal wrt Time')

 

subplot(2,1,2)

plot(Time, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

xlim([0, Time(end)]);

xlabel('Time [s]');

ylabel('Gear');

grid on

title('Gear command wrt Time')

 

% Plotting gear command vehicle desired with actual speed

figure(5)

subplot(2,1,1)

plot(Veh_Spd, Gear_Cmd, 'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'black');

xlabel('Speed [rpm]');

ylabel('Gear');

grid on

title('Gear command wrt vehicle speed')

 

subplot(2,1,2)

p=plot(Veh_Dist, Gear_Cmd,'linewidth', 1, 'Color', 'red');

xlabel('Distance [kmpl]');

ylabel('Gear');

grid on

title('Gear command wrt Distance')

 

%% Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map

figure('Name','Engine Operating Points');

hold on

grid on

title('Engine Operating Points','fontsize',12);

p1=plot(Eng_map_spd*30/pi,Eng_max_trq,'linewidth',2,'color','r');

p2=line([Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(end)]);

set(p2,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');

p3=line([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi],[0 Eng_max_trq(1)]);

set(p3,'linewidth',1,'linestyle','--','color','k');

[c,h] = contour(Eng_map_spd'*30/pi,Eng_map_trq,Eng_fuel_map');

clabel(c,h);

xlabel('Engine Speed [rpm]');

ylabel('Engine Torque [Nm]');

title('Engine Fuel Consumption Map [g/s]');

legend([p1 p3],{'Max Curve','Operating Points'});

axis([Eng_map_spd(1)*30/pi Eng_map_spd(end)*30/pi 0 Eng_map_trq(end)]);

 

output of the programe is

out put 1

In this graph we see the transmission input and transmission out will fluctuates up and down as increasing speed and time.

second output

In this engine torque, Engine power, engine fuel rate and engine fuel consumption is increase increasing wrt time.

 

 

output 3

Fuel consumption vs fuel rate

 

4] Potting Accelerator pedal, Brake pedal and gear command with respect to time:-

In this the as comparing brake of vehicle the accelaration of vehicle is more so the brake torque is min required. and the gear shifting is also required wrt time.

 

output 5

 

5] Plotting gear command vehicle desired with actual speed:-

In this the gear shifting is required as increase vehicle speed. as shifting order is gear1, then gear2, then gear3, and then gear4.

 

 

output 6

 Plotting engine operating points on engine fuel map:-

 

conclusion:

Hence the end of the programme we can abel  to find the complete model of hybrid EV and it dynamic 

and it future.