Project 1

Conventional Vehicle:

Conventional vehicles use an intenal combustion engine fueled by gasoline or diesel to power the wheels, in this the heat engine uses the principle of heat release through combustion of a fuel with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber to create expanding gases which pushes against a piston creating forcce and torque output.

In this vehicle engine converts chemical energy stored in the fuel into heat which is used to produce useful work. Typically use fossil fuels like petroleum (petrol and diesel).

The most popular type of engine is used in this system is 4 stroke reciprocating engine. Engine in cyclinder process can be represented by ideal thermodynamic cycles such as Otto cycle, Diesel cycle. Otto cycle is a ideal cycle thet describes the cycle process for spark ignited SI engine, and the Diesel cycle is the ideal cycle thet describes the cycle process for a compression ignited Cl engine

Energy and performance of vehicle

In this system trge power demand on the wheel need to instant supplied by the powertrain. In other word the power coming from the powertrain dictates the power dermand on the wheels (as per performance viz, acceleration, speed etc is determined by it

Conventional powwertrain efficiency:

The engine generates power by converting chemical energy stored into the mechanical energy by the process of combustion. This process of energy conversion also has an efficiency and the energy input is in the form of fuel consumption.

- Instantaneous fuel consumption is given as

It deals with the modeling of multi domain systems through the use of a unified approach based on a ordinary differential and algebraic equation describing the static and dynamic effects.

Each systems has are two generalised variables

1] Efforts:- It is generalised force variable, ex- torque, force, voltage, heating value.

2] Flow:- It is the generalised flow/velocity variable. ex:- velocity, current, mass flow rate.

The 'Controller' block is the brains of the vehicle, representing the electronic controls units. It is based on the driver inputs, it generates desired engine torque, desired transmission gear and desired brake torque. These inputs are fed to the 'Powertrain' block which represents the drivetrain of the vehicle.

Transmission Control Unit

In this unit we create steadfy flow variable state for controlling of gears of vehicle as in ascending and descending order with respect to time, speed, distance, and is

3] PowerTrain:

The powertrain encompasses every component that converts the engine's power into movement. This includes the engine, transmission, the driveshaft, differentials, axles; basically anything from the engine through to the rotating wheels.

n this model we used map based model to model the fuel consumption of engine. It is based on maximum Torque and minimum torque from the controller, and then it saturated torque and give output then saturated torque and speed map give fuel consumption takes the speed and torque then the output goes into saturated then its integrated.

In these model we take engine torque, gear selector from controllerb for transmission of gear ratio. The ratio is multiply by transmission input torque and then the transmission efficiency positive torque and negative torque gives transmission input speed. In this case torque converter connects the engine to transmission it is part of transmission. In it basically engine dynamics and that is decoupled.

Differential

In this taking input is the transmission output then its going to the differential ratio multiplied the output and input torque then meet axle torque. The axle torque is a lower than the transmission torque and differential ratio

In this model we take the axle torque from differentail and brake torque from controller, it is substracts and multiplied rolling radius and velocity then we meet the tractive force from axle and brake torque, and the wheelspeed is meet using velocity.

vehicle dynamics:

1)udds drive cycle

2)hwfet