Photo Realistic Rendering

Objective:

• To design individual parts of the chopper with fully defined sketches and appropriate appearances.
• To assemble all the individual parts of the chopper model by assigning suitable constraints.
• To render the chopper model by adding appearances, decals, lights, cameras, and background scenes.

Software’s Used

• Solid works 2020

Solid works Visualize 2020

INTRODUCTION

SolidWorks: is a solid modelling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) computer program that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows and. While it is possible to run SolidWorks on MacOS, it is not supported by SolidWorks. SolidWorks is up ide by Dassault Systems.

American Chopper: A chopper is a type of custom motorcycle. The chopper is perhaps the most extreme of all custom styles, often using radically modified steering angles and lengthened forks for a stretched-out appearance. Some of the characteristic features of choppers are long front ends with extended forks often coupled with an increased rake angle, hardtail frames (frames without rear suspension), very tall "ape hanger" or very short "drag handlebars, lengthened or stretched frames, and larger than stock front wheels.

Methodology of American chopper

 

 

Commands Used

• 2d sketch: 2d sketch is the basic command which takes one to the sketching template. It is here where we make the sketches required to make solid body or part. We have to select a plane from 3 predefined planes namely Front Plane, Top Plane and Right plane.
• 3d sketch: In 3d sketch, we make a sketch in a 3dimensional space rather than in a 2dimensional plane.
• Splines: The SOLIDWORKS software supports two types of splines, B-splines and style splines. You can use B-splines to create complex curves. You can define and modify them using several controls, including spline points, spline handles, and control polygons. A single B-spline can have multiple through points and spans (the region between through points). You can apply curvature constraints at each endpoint. At each point, you can weigh the tangency vector and control the tangency direction. Style splines, based on Bezier curves, are a good option when it is important to have a smooth curve (that is, to assure curvature continuity). You define and control the curves using control vertices. The control vertices form a control polygon or hull of the curve. There are no through points, so a style spline has only one span between the endpoints. You can inference style splines for tangency or equal curvature. You can constrain the points and dimension the curves' sides. These curves also support mirroring and self-symmetry.
• Sketch Fillet: The Sketch Fillet tool trims away the corner at the intersection of two sketch entities to create a tangent arc. This tool is available for both 2D and 3D sketches. The Fillet tool on the Features toolbar fillets entities such as edges in parts. The two corners of the rectangle are filleted with the same radius and with Keep constrained corners selected.
• Ellipse: The Ellipse tool to create a complete ellipse. Use the Partial Ellipse tool to create an elliptical arc.
• Fillets: Fillet/Round creates a rounded internal or external face on the part. You can fillet all edges of a face, selected sets of faces, selected edges, or edge loops.
• Sketch Fillets: The Sketch Fillet tool trims away the corner at the intersection of two sketch entities to create a tangent arc. This tool is available for both 2D and 3D sketches. The Fillet tool on the Features toolbar fillets entities such as edges in parts. The two corners of the rectangle are filleted with the same radius and with Keep constrained corners selected.
• Boss Extrude: creates a solid based on the sketch.
• Cut Extrude: make a cut out of the existing solid body.
• Revolve Boss: evolves add or remove material by revolving one or more profiles around a centreline. You can create revolved boss/bases, revolved cuts, or revolved surfaces. The revolve feature can be a solid, a thin feature, or a surface. The sketch must a 2d sketch not a 3d sketch. Axis of revolution can be 3d sketch.
• Revolve Cut: does a cut w.r.t an axis of rotation according to sketch made.
• Sweeps: Sweep creates a base, boss, cut, or surface by moving a profile (section) along a path. A sweep can be simple or complex. To generate the swept geometry, the software creates a series of intermediate sections made by replicating a profile at various positions along the path. The intermediate sections are then blended together. Additional parameters can be included in the sweep feature such as guide curves, profile orientation options, and twist to create a wide variety of shapes.
• Loft: Loft creates a feature by making transitions between profiles. A loft can be a base, boss, cut, or surface. You create a loft using two or more profiles.
  Only the first, last, or first and last profiles can be points. All sketch entities, including guide curves and profiles, can be contained in a single 3D sketch.
• Chamfer: The chamfer tool creates a bevelled feature on selected edges, faces, or a vertex.
• Shell: The shell tool hollows out a part, leaves open the faces you select, and creates thin-walled features on the remaining faces. If you do not select any face on the model, you can shell a solid part, creating a closed, hollow model. You can also shell a model using multiple thicknesses.
• Dome: Creates a dome on the face selected.
• Linear Pattern: The Linear Pattern Property Manager appears when you pattern one or more features along one or two linear paths.
• Circular Pattern: The Circular Pattern Property Manager appears when you pattern one or more features around an axis.
• Sketch Driven Pattern: Using sketch points within a sketch, you can specify a feature pattern. The seed feature propagates throughout the pattern to each point in the sketch. You can use sketch driven patterns for holes or other feature instances.
• Split: You can split a sketch entity to create two sketch entities. Conversely, you can delete a split point to combine two sketch entities into a single sketch entity. Use two split points to split a circle, full ellipse, or a closed spline.
• Project Curve: The project curve will be available under the feature tab. The project curves command can be used to create a 3D curve. The 3D curve can be created by using the reference of two 2D curves.
• Extend: You can add to the length of a sketch entity (line, centreline, or arc). Use Extend Entities to extend a sketch entity to meet another sketch entity.
• Convert Entities: You can create one or more curves in a sketch by projecting an edge, loop, face, curve, or external sketch contour, set of edges, or set of sketch curves onto the sketch plane.
• Trim: Select the trim type based on the entities you want to trim or extend. All trim types are available with 2D sketches and 2D sketches on 3D planes.
• Mirror: Select Mirror Entities to mirror pre-existing 2D sketch entities on a plane, and then select the entity about which to mirror. If you want to first select the entity about which to mirror, and then sketch the entities to mirror, select Dynamic Mirror Entities
• Sketch Picture: Sketch pictures are used as a reference to draw sketches.
• Sketch Pattern: Create linear or circular sketch patterns using elements from sketch entities you intend to pattern or model edges.
• Dynamic Mirror Sketch Entities: Select the Dynamic Mirror Entities tool to first select the entity about which to mirror, and then sketch the entities to mirror.

Transmission Belts:
Transmission Belt is a loop of flexible material used to transmit power by the means of pulleys. Belts transmit power efficiently through the pulleys. They are one of the cheapest means used power transmission. other advantages are noiseless working, shock absorption during working, no lubrication, minimal maintenance, high tolerance for misalignment.

Commands Used -

• Sketch
• Extrude
• Fillet

Sketch - A sketch is a 2D representation of a component from different views. It provides us with a reference on which we can perform 30 operations. Basic geometries are used to create a sketch in 2d plane. Extrude - Extrude command is used to create a solid or surface extrusion using the contoured profile or a 2d sketch.

Fillet - A fillet is provided at the sharp edges and corners to reduce the stress concentrations. it is rounded in geometry and provide an aesthetically pleasing feature.

Kick Stand-

Commands used

• loft
• Dome
• Extrude
• Split
• Fillet

Loft command is used to connect 2 cross-sections with different dimensions with the help of a guide curve. Resulting solid has a smooth cross-section and the material is added normally to the direction of the guide curve.

Dome command is used to create a circular or elliptical dome on the given surface. it provides a bump on the surface.

Split - This tool is used to split 2 entities with the help of a sketch or a surface.

Front and Rear Fender -

• A fender is a sheet metal part which is used to frame the front and rear wheel well. The main objective of a fender is to stop the mud and gravel from spraying in the air.

Commands used -

• revolve
• Sketch
• Split
• fillet

Revolve - A revolve command is used to create a revolved feature such as a shaft. An axis is needed to perform the command, also, the angle of rotation must be provided.

The split- The split tool is used to cut a single body into 2 or more bodies with the help of a sketch or surface. We can keep or discard the selected bodies.

Oil tank

 the oil tank is used to store lubricating oil in dry-sump engine setup.

Commands used -

• Extrude
• Combine
• Shell
• Fillet

Combine - Combine feature is used to add 2 bodies in Solid Work you can add 2 bodies or can save the intersection between 2 bodies.

Shell - Shell feature is used to create a hollow geometry from a solid part. The thickness of the shell needs to be provided. you can delete one or more faces using this command.

Chain -

The transmission chain is used to deliver power from the engine to rear wheel of the vehicle, it is the most commonly used setup in 2 wheelers, the tooth in the socket meshes with the holes in the chain, when the gear turns it pulls the chain resulting in power transmission.

Commands used -

• Block feature
• extrude
• fillet
• linear pattern
• Sketch

Block Feature - it is used to create a Template for the sketch of a part so that it can be used again in the future.

Linear pattern - the linear pattern is used to create multiple entities of the same part in a particular direction. the number of patterns and the direction can be specified in the options dialogue box.

Pedal

Commands used

• Extrude
• Revolve
• Fillet
• Linearpattern

Wheel Rims

The rim is the outside edge of the wheel holding the tyre. This is the outside circular shops

of the wheel on which the inner edge of the tyre is placed on automobiles such as cars. A regular wheel rim for the automotive steel is mock of rectangular sheet metal to create a cylindrical sleave the metal plate is bent and then the two free edges of the sleeve are welded together

• In this model, we have created a spider web pattern in both the front and rear rims

Commands used

• revolve
• Revolve cut
• extrude
• circular pattern
• fillet
• Chamfer

Revolve cut - Revolve cut removes the excess material with the reference of sketch and axis of rotation. The profile can remove the material with revolution up to 360 degrees of rotation.

Circular pattern-this feature creates multiple entities of a single part on a circular path, the minimum no of entities and degree of rotation must be provided the input window.

Front Fork -

A front fork or a motorcycle fork connects Front-wheel and its axile to the motorcycle frame.

• A triple clamp mechanism is generally used to connect the front suspension with the handlebars for steering, Brake disk and callipers are also mounted on it.

Commands used

• Revolve
• Extrude
• Extrude cut
• mirror
• Swept

Extrude cut-The extrude cut feature is used to remove the unwanted material as per the modified sketch. Based on the design of Sketch the material is removed

Mirror - The mirror command is used to create a replica of the body feature in a specific direction up to a user defined number of instances.

Swept - The sweep command is used to create a solid feature by sweeping a closed profile along an open or closed path.

Chassis -

• A motorbike frame is the central component of a motorcycle. It supports the engine, provides a longitudinal and rear suspension position, and supports the driver and any passenger or luggage. The t In this model, we have created a cosmetic version of a motorbike frame from a hand sketch image.

Command Used -

• Sweep
• Extrude
• mirror
• Extrude cut
• Split
• Combine

Engine

The engine is the main power generating unit in an automobile. Generally, 4 stroke petrol engine is used in the modern-day bike. In this Project, we have modelled a Double Cylinder engine for our chopper assemble

Commands used -

• Extrude
• fillet
• Circular pattern
• projected curve
• Mirror
• Dome
• Split
• Sweep

Projected curve this command creates a 3d curve with the help of intersection of 2 two dimensional sketches.

Gas Tank

The gas tank is a sheet metal part which holds the fuel for the engine unit. It is an airtight unit designed as such no fuel vapour can escape the boundary. For our Chopper, we have designed the fuel tank in a surface Environment

Commands

• Surface extrudes
• Projected curve
• knit surface
• Surface offset
• Split
• Fillet

Assembly

we used the Assembly module in SolidWorks create Assembly the model.

are efference with the chassis such that when move the chassis all component moves

with it

Conclusion:

Thus, The American Chopper has been designed, modelled and assembled using solid works 2020, and photo realistically render using Solid works visualize 2020