Identification of Cracks

(1)a. The concrete crushed and spalled out of reinforcement which might be a case of rupture failure.Beam top is safe due to flange advantage.During stress reversal, top compression is managed by slab but bottom tension could not be managed by the reinforcment. It can not be repaired as the reinforcement got yielded.

(1)b. The structure seems to be cracked along both horizontal and vertical which might be due to inadequate developemnt length of beams reinforcement to column at junction.During earthquake the beam got detached from column. Since both column and beams were casted monolithically, so it can not be repaired.

(1)c. The beam cracks are throught its width and at the junction of column and beams. Slabs are also developed cracks which is a plastic failure.Causes of failure might be the cyclic lateral loading and stress reversal at the junction.The slab flange is also not able to control the undergone tention. The failure can be strengthned.

(2) a.The concrete damaged at the coulumn top which are around the column face but beams are not damaged.As the column location shows it is on the edge of building and no wall are built along the column for the purpose of car parking access. It is a soft story failure and technically plastic hinge formtion.The plastic hinge at the column top formed during earthquake. Based on the mangnitude of damage it can be analysed for repairs (repairable or not).

(2)b. Concrete developed diagonal breakage. Longitudinal reinforcements are intact while shear reinfocement looks placed far apart which could not confined i.e not upto the standard code norms.It is a shear failure and can not be repaired.

(2) c.The column got failed completely and at top of the joint. There are two slabs connected to the column ,one at middle of the column height. The props were kept for temporary support for the structure. It is a short column failure due to additional slab connection in mid height. This type of failure is non repairable.